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Papua New Guinea

Retail_Trading_Status

Gray-Zone Unknown
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Status Changed

Previous status: Allowed-UnRegulated

The primary difference between the two analyses lies in the identified status of retail cryptocurrency trading in Papua New Guinea: the Previous Analysis labels it "Allowed-UnRegulated," while the New Analysis terms it a "Gray-Zone." This change reflects a more nuanced interpretation of the existing regulatory environment, emphasizing uncertainty and ambiguity over a simple lack of prohibition. Justification for the differences: 1. **Emphasis on Uncertainty vs. Permissiveness:** * "Allowed-UnRegulated" (Previous Analysis) suggests that because there's no explicit ban, the activity is permitted by default, albeit without specific rules or protections. It focuses on the *absence of prohibition*. * "Gray-Zone" (New Analysis) highlights the significant lack of legal clarity, the undeveloped regulatory landscape, and the resulting uncertainty for participants. While not explicitly illegal, it's also not explicitly legal or formally recognized, creating an ambiguous environment. This term better captures the precarious nature of operating in such a space. 2. **Interpretation of Regulatory Silence and Warnings:** * The Previous Analysis interprets the Bank of Papua New Guinea's (BPNG) stance (not legal tender, unregulated, warnings issued) as leading to an "allowed but risky" environment. * The New Analysis interprets the same BPNG stance, coupled with the unclear applicability of general financial laws (like AML/CTF) to crypto-specific activities and the absence of specific licensing or investor protection for crypto, as creating a "gray-zone." The active warnings from BPNG and the Securities Commission of Papua New Guinea (SCPNG) about scams contribute to this sense of ambiguity rather than clear, albeit unregulated, allowance. 3. **Inclusion of Broader Regulatory Considerations:** * The New Analysis more explicitly discusses the role (or lack thereof) of the Securities Commission of Papua New Guinea (SCPNG) regarding cryptocurrencies unless they qualify as securities, and its warnings about crypto-related scams. * It also delves deeper into the unclear extension of existing AML/CTF provisions to crypto-exchange services, a key factor contributing to the "gray-zone" status. The Previous Analysis mentions general laws *might* apply, while the New Analysis stresses the *uncertainty* of this application. 4. **Acknowledging Market Activity within the Void:** * The New Analysis notes "growing interest and adoption," the availability of services from international exchanges (some supporting local currency P2P), and the emergence of crypto-linked debit cards operating within this "legal grey zone." This activity, while occurring, does so without a clear legal or regulatory framework, reinforcing the "gray-zone" characterization rather than a straightforward "allowed" status. 5. **Explicit Mention of Taxation and KYC/AML Enforcement:** * The New Analysis specifically points out the absence of formal arrangements for taxing cryptocurrency and the undefined nature of direct applicability and enforcement of KYC/AML requirements for crypto asset service providers by local authorities. These are hallmarks of a regulatory gray area. In essence, while both analyses agree on the fundamental facts (no specific crypto laws, BPNG warnings, crypto not legal tender), the New Analysis provides a more cautious and nuanced interpretation. The term "Gray-Zone" better reflects the overall environment of legal ambiguity, the lack of specific regulatory guidance for crypto activities, the unclear applicability of existing financial laws, and the inherent risks and uncertainties faced by individuals participating in retail crypto trading. It moves beyond simply stating it's "not banned" to describe the more complex reality of operating in a space where the rules are undefined and official oversight is minimal and reactive (e.g., warnings about scams) rather than proactive and regulatory. The shift suggests a deeper appreciation of the legal and regulatory vacuum and its implications.

Analysis ID
#476
Version
Latest
Created
2025-06-26 13:13
Workflow Stage
Live

Executive Summary

As of June 2025, Papua New Guinea (PNG) classifies retail cryptocurrency trading in a "Gray-Zone." While cryptocurrencies are not recognized as official currency or legal tender by the Bank of Papua New Guinea (BPNG), and the government does not endorse them as official money, holding and trading these assets are not explicitly prohibited. The BPNG has consistently issued public warnings regarding the inherent risks of cryptocurrency investment, emphasizing the absence of formal protection, oversight, or consumer safeguards. Consequently, users and investors in PNG should exercise extreme caution, as there is no legal recourse in cases of fraud or financial loss. Despite this cautious stance on private cryptocurrencies, the government and the BPNG have expressed significant interest in leveraging blockchain technology to improve financial inclusion and modernize the nation's payment systems, actively exploring a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC).

Key Pillars

  • Non-recognition as Official Currency: The Bank of Papua New Guinea (BPNG) explicitly states that cryptocurrencies (e.g., Bitcoin, Ethereum) are not issued or regulated by the central bank and do not hold legal tender status in PNG. This means they are not accepted as official currency for transactions or debt settlement.

  • Lack of Comprehensive Regulatory Framework: There is no specific legislation or comprehensive regulatory framework governing retail cryptocurrency trading or services in Papua New Guinea. This absence results in a lack of official oversight and consumer safeguards, leaving investors vulnerable.

  • Public Warnings and Risk Advisories: The BPNG has repeatedly issued public notices and warnings to caution the public about the high risks associated with cryptocurrency investments. These advisories highlight the speculative nature of crypto assets and the complete lack of legal recourse or protection in the event of fraud or financial losses.

  • Anti-Money Laundering/Counter-Terrorism Financing (AML/CTF) Review: The Financial Analysis and Supervision Unit (FASU) within the BPNG has reviewed cryptocurrencies from an AML/CTF perspective. However, ensuring AML/CTF compliance for virtual assets has been noted as difficult, and it remains unclear whether these provisions fully extend to crypto-exchange services operating in PNG.

Landmark Laws

Bank of Papua New Guinea Public Notices/Warnings
- Authority: Bank of Papua New Guinea (BPNG) Governor
- Date: e.g., July 2018, 2021, and ongoing advisories (reiterated July 2025)
- Summary: These notices remind the public that virtual currencies lack legal tender status and are neither issued nor regulated by the BPNG. Their impact is to inform the public of the high risks, speculative nature, and absence of legal recourse for crypto investments. A recent advisory from July 2025 reiterated that unregulated usage comes with significant risks and no government or central bank support in case of loss.

Considerations

  • Asset Classification: Papua New Guinea has not formally classified crypto assets as a specific type of financial instrument (e.g., security, commodity, or property) for regulatory purposes. They broadly remain in a "regulatory gray zone".

  • Tax Implications: There are no formal arrangements in Papua New Guinea imposing taxation on cryptocurrency holdings or transactions as of June 2025. This indicates a lack of specific tax legislation for crypto assets.

  • Consumer Protection and Legal Recourse: A critical consideration for retail traders is the explicit warning from the BPNG that there is no legal recourse in case of fraud or loss. Unlike traditional banking where consumers can seek assistance from the central bank, Ombudsman, or police, individuals engaged in crypto trading are "on their own". This highlights the absence of formal consumer safeguards and oversight mechanisms for the crypto market.

Notes

  • Interest in Blockchain Technology and Financial Inclusion: The PNG government and the Bank of Papua New Guinea have shown a keen interest in blockchain technology as a platform to promote financial inclusion, particularly for the significant portion of the population outside the traditional banking system.

  • Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) Exploration – "Digital Kina": The BPNG has been actively exploring the potential of a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), referred to as the "Digital Kina." A Proof of Concept (PoC) study was successfully completed in January/February 2025, in collaboration with Japanese partners such as Soramitsu, Mitsubishi, and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The objectives of this CBDC exploration include enhancing payment efficiency, strengthening security through blockchain technology, and promoting financial inclusion. The PoC demonstrated the feasibility of a 24-hour payment infrastructure and real-time domestic and cross-border transactions via a mobile app. The BPNG acknowledges existing legal and regulatory gaps that need to be addressed before a wider rollout.

  • Regulatory Sandbox: To foster innovation in the fintech sector, the BPNG has established a Regulatory Sandbox where new financial products and technologies, including those involving digital assets, can be tested in a controlled environment.

  • National Cryptocurrency Development Project: As part of the nation's 50th Anniversary of Independence in 2025, the PNG government is planning to launch a "National Cryptocurrency Development Project." This initiative aims to explore the creation of a national digital currency (distinct from the CBDC but related to digital payments) and the application of blockchain technology for various government records, including land titles and carbon credits.

  • Challenges in Access: Despite the government's interest in blockchain, concerns have been raised as local banks reportedly restrict access to crypto opportunities for individuals due to existing banking regulations and policies. This necessitates individuals exploring offshore banking or peer-to-peer arrangements to engage in crypto trading.

Detailed Explanation

Papua New Guinea currently operates under a "Gray-Zone" regulatory environment for retail cryptocurrency trading. This classification stems from the clear stance of the Bank of Papua New Guinea (BPNG), which does not recognize cryptocurrencies as official currency or legal tender. This fundamental non-recognition means that while holding or trading cryptocurrencies is not explicitly prohibited, these activities occur outside a formal regulatory framework, leaving participants without official protection or oversight. The BPNG has consistently issued public warnings to its citizens, highlighting the significant risks associated with cryptocurrency investments. These advisories underscore the speculative nature of such assets and, crucially, inform the public that there is no legal recourse in the event of fraud, scams, or financial losses. This absence of consumer safeguards means that individuals engaging in crypto transactions bear the full responsibility and risk, operating without the safety nets typically provided by regulated financial systems. Furthermore, there are no formal tax arrangements specifically for cryptocurrency holdings or transactions, reinforcing the unregulated nature of these assets within PNG's financial system. In contrast to its cautious approach to private cryptocurrencies, Papua New Guinea, led by the BPNG, demonstrates a strong interest in leveraging the underlying blockchain technology for national development, particularly for advancing financial inclusion. The nation has actively pursued the development of a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), termed "Digital Kina," aiming to modernize its payment systems and bridge the significant financial inclusion gap, given that a large portion of the population remains unbanked. A successful Proof of Concept (PoC) study for the Digital Kina was completed in early 2025, in collaboration with international partners. This pilot demonstrated the potential for efficient, secure, and accessible digital payments, including real-time domestic and international remittances. The BPNG has also established a regulatory sandbox to facilitate the testing of other innovative fintech solutions. Looking ahead, the PNG government has announced plans for a "National Cryptocurrency Development Project" as part of its 50th Anniversary celebrations in 2025. This initiative signals a broader governmental exploration into digital currencies and the application of blockchain for various public services, such as land titles and carbon credits. However, despite these exploratory efforts and interest in blockchain, retail access to private cryptocurrencies remains challenging due to existing banking regulations that reportedly hinder individuals from purchasing or trading crypto through conventional banking channels. This dual approach—caution regarding private cryptocurrencies while actively exploring state-backed digital currency and blockchain for public good—defines Papua New Guinea's nuanced regulatory landscape in the digital asset space as of June 2025.

Summary Points

Here is a clear, well-structured bullet point summary of Papua New Guinea's retail crypto trading regulations:

## Papua New Guinea: Retail Crypto Trading Regulatory Overview (as of June 2025)

### I. Current Regulatory Status

  • Overall Classification: "Gray-Zone"
  • Cryptocurrencies are not explicitly prohibited for holding or trading.
  • However, they operate outside a formal regulatory framework.
  • Official Stance:
  • Non-recognition as Official Currency: The Bank of Papua New Guinea (BPNG) explicitly states cryptocurrencies are not legal tender, are not issued or regulated by the central bank, and are not accepted for official transactions or debt settlement.
  • The government does not endorse them as official money.
  • Risk Advisory:
  • BPNG consistently issues public warnings about the high risks of cryptocurrency investment.
  • Emphasizes absence of formal protection, oversight, or consumer safeguards.
  • Users and investors have no legal recourse in cases of fraud or financial loss.

### II. Key Regulatory Bodies and Their Roles

  • Bank of Papua New Guinea (BPNG):
  • Central Bank: Does not recognize cryptocurrencies as legal tender.
  • Public Warnings: Primary issuer of advisories cautioning the public about crypto risks.
  • Innovation Facilitator: Actively exploring a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) and has established a Regulatory Sandbox for fintech.
  • Financial Analysis and Supervision Unit (FASU) within BPNG:
  • AML/CTF Review: Has reviewed cryptocurrencies from an Anti-Money Laundering/Counter-Terrorism Financing (AML/CTF) perspective.
  • Compliance Challenges: Notes difficulty in ensuring AML/CTF compliance for virtual assets, and it's unclear if these provisions fully extend to crypto-exchange services operating in PNG.

### III. Legislative and Regulatory Framework

  • Absence of Specific Legislation:
  • There is no specific legislation or comprehensive regulatory framework governing retail cryptocurrency trading or services.
  • This results in a lack of official oversight and consumer safeguards.
  • Primary Regulatory Actions:
  • BPNG Public Notices/Warnings: These official statements (e.g., July 2018, 2021, and ongoing advisories, including July 2025) serve as the main "regulatory" actions.
  • They inform the public of the high risks, speculative nature, and absence of legal recourse for crypto investments.
  • AML/CTF Considerations:
  • While FASU reviews from an AML/CTF perspective, the application and enforcement for crypto services remain ambiguous.

### IV. Compliance Requirements and Limitations

  • Lack of Formal Requirements:
  • Due to the absence of a specific framework, there are no formal compliance requirements for retail crypto traders.
  • Individuals operate "on their own" without the safety nets of regulated financial systems.
  • Notable Restrictions & Risks:
  • No Legal Recourse: Critical warning from BPNG that there is no legal recourse in case of fraud or loss.
  • No Consumer Protection: Absence of formal consumer safeguards and oversight mechanisms.
  • Asset Classification:
  • Crypto assets have not been formally classified as a specific type of financial instrument (e.g., security, commodity, or property) for regulatory purposes.
  • Tax Implications:
  • As of June 2025, there are no formal arrangements imposing taxation on cryptocurrency holdings or transactions.
  • Access Challenges:
  • Local banks reportedly restrict access to crypto opportunities for individuals due to existing banking regulations and policies.
  • This often necessitates individuals exploring offshore banking or peer-to-peer arrangements.

### V. Recent Developments and Future Outlook

  • Interest in Blockchain Technology & Financial Inclusion:
  • The PNG government and BPNG show keen interest in leveraging blockchain to promote financial inclusion, especially for the unbanked population.
  • Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) Exploration – "Digital Kina":
  • BPNG is actively exploring a CBDC.
  • Proof of Concept (PoC): Successfully completed in Jan/Feb 2025 with Japanese partners (Soramitsu, Mitsubishi, JICA).
  • Objectives: Enhance payment efficiency, strengthen security, promote financial inclusion.
  • PoC Results: Demonstrated feasibility of 24-hour payment infrastructure and real-time domestic/cross-border transactions via mobile app.
  • Next Steps: BPNG acknowledges existing legal and regulatory gaps need addressing before wider rollout.
  • Regulatory Sandbox:
  • Established by BPNG to foster innovation in the fintech sector, allowing testing of new financial products and technologies, including digital assets, in a controlled environment.
  • National Cryptocurrency Development Project:
  • Planned for PNG's 50th Anniversary of Independence in 2025.
  • Aims to explore the creation of a national digital currency (distinct from the CBDC but related to digital payments).
  • Also focuses on applying blockchain technology for various government records (e.g., land titles, carbon credits).

Full Analysis Report

Report on Retail Trading Status of Cryptocurrencies in Papua New Guinea

Date: 2025-06-26

Topic: Retail_Trading_Status

Description: Assess whether individual citizens and residents in the country are legally permitted to buy, sell, and hold cryptocurrencies. Detail the regulatory environment surrounding this activity (e.g., KYC/AML requirements imposed on platforms, general warnings issued).

Retail_Trading_Status: Gray-Zone

Detailed Narrative Explanation:

The status of retail cryptocurrency trading in Papua New Guinea (PNG) is best described as a Gray-Zone. While not explicitly banned, the regulatory landscape remains largely undeveloped, creating an environment of uncertainty for individuals wishing to engage with cryptocurrencies. There are no specific laws or regulations that directly permit or prohibit the buying, selling, or holding of cryptocurrencies by retail investors. However, the Bank of Papua New Guinea (BPNG), the country's central bank, has issued warnings regarding the risks associated with cryptocurrencies and has clarified that they are not legal tender in PNG.

Historically, the BPNG has maintained a cautious stance. In July 2018, the central bank issued a public notice highlighting the risks of investing in cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and others. This notice emphasized that the BPNG does not issue or regulate these virtual currencies, and therefore, they lack legal tender status and are not accepted currency in Papua New Guinea. This position has been reiterated in subsequent communications and media reports.

Despite the lack of specific crypto-focused regulations, general financial laws, including Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing (AML/CTF) provisions, may apply to financial services, though their extension to crypto-exchange services operating in Papua New Guinea is unclear. The Securities Commission of Papua New Guinea (SCPNG), which regulates capital markets, currently does not have explicit powers under existing law to license or regulate most market intermediaries dealing with cryptocurrencies unless they qualify as securities. The SCPNG has, however, warned the public about investment scams, including those involving fake cryptocurrency platforms.

There is evidence of growing interest and adoption of cryptocurrencies by individuals in PNG for various purposes, including payments, remittances, and investments. Some international cryptocurrency exchanges offer services to residents of Papua New Guinea, and some even support the local currency, the Kina (PGK), for peer-to-peer trading. The use of crypto-linked debit cards is also emerging, allowing users to spend cryptocurrencies at points of sale or withdraw Kina from ATMs, though this operates within the existing 'legal grey zone'.

The BPNG has shown an interest in blockchain technology for financial inclusion and has been exploring the potential of a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), known as the "Digital Kina". This exploration, however, is distinct from the regulation of privately issued cryptocurrencies and highlights the central bank's focus on modernizing the country's payment system under its control. The BPNG has acknowledged the need to address legal and regulatory gaps before any wider rollout of a CBDC.

The current ambiguity means that while individuals are not legally prevented from trading cryptocurrencies, they do so without specific regulatory protections or oversight. There are no formal arrangements for taxing cryptocurrency holdings or transactions. KYC/AML requirements are generally expected for financial transactions, and some crypto platforms serving PNG users do implement KYC procedures, often requiring national identification. However, the direct applicability and enforcement of these requirements specifically for crypto asset service providers within PNG by local authorities remain undefined.

The situation is further complicated by the prevalence of investment scams, including those leveraging cryptocurrencies, which has prompted warnings from both the BPNG and the SCPNG. This underscores the risks faced by retail traders in an environment lacking clear regulatory safeguards.

In summary, retail cryptocurrency trading in Papua New Guinea operates in a gray zone because:
* There is no explicit law prohibiting or permitting it.
* The central bank has issued warnings about risks and clarified that cryptocurrencies are not legal tender.
* There are no specific crypto-focused regulations for licensing exchanges, investor protection, or taxation.
* The applicability of general financial laws (like AML/CTF) to crypto activities is not clearly defined or consistently enforced.
* Despite the lack of regulation, citizens are engaging with cryptocurrencies, and some international platforms offer services.

This complex situation means that while individuals can technically participate in retail crypto trading, they do so at their own risk, with limited legal recourse and in an environment with unclear rules and potential for scams.

Specific, Relevant Text Excerpts:

  • Bank of Papua New Guinea (BPNG) & Freeman Law (summarizing BPNG's stance): "There is currently an established public notice regarding the trading of cryptocurrency published by the Bank of Papua New Guinea (BPNG)... The notice reminds the public that BPNG does not issue or regulate cryptocurrencies (“i.e. virtual currencies or digital money such as bitcoin, Ethereum, EOS, Lite Coin and others”) and thus virtual currencies lack any legal tender status and is not accepted currency in Papua New Guinea."
  • Library of Congress / Global Legal Monitor (citing BPNG): "The Bank of Papua New Guinea (Bank of PNG) issued a warning in July 2018 about the risks of investing in cryptocurrencies. Crypto-exchange restrictiveness: In 2018 the Bank of PNG outlined a AML/CTF regulatory regime applicable to the general financial services industry, however it is unclear if such provisions extend to crypto-exchange services operating in Papua New Guinea. Tax treatment: There are no formal arrangements, to date, imposing taxation upon cryptocurrency holdings or transactions."
  • Proelium Law LLP (Cryptocurrency Regulation Tracker): "Papua New Guinea. Undecided. Not legal tender; There is no cryptocurrency regulation; The Bank of Papua New Guinea has issued a warning on cryptocurrencies and technology."
  • UEEx Technology (Crypto Exchange Review): "Yes, cryptocurrency exchanges operate legally in Papua New Guinea (PNG); however, they are not regulated or recognized as legal tender by the government. The Bank of Papua New Guinea (BPNG) has issued public statements indicating that cryptocurrencies are not issued or regulated by the central bank and do not hold legal tender status in the country. While there is no explicit prohibition against using or operating cryptocurrency exchanges, the absence of a comprehensive regulatory framework means these platforms function without official oversight."
  • The National (article on crypto cards): "Regulatory Ambiguity: PNG lacks clear policies on crypto usage. Users operate in a 'legal grey zone,' which may pose risks in the future."
  • Post Courier (article on investment scams): "The Securities Commission of PNG has released an article warning people about scams while encouraging people to invest in a regulated market... Fake Forex and Cryptocurrency Platforms. How They Work: Fake investment platforms advertise high returns from trading forex or cryptocurrencies."
  • Post Courier (article on BPNG warnings): "The Bank of Papua New Guinea (BPNG) has served some warnings about people involved in Bitcoin scams."

Direct, Accessible URL Links to Sources:

  1. Library of Congress - Regulation of Cryptocurrency Around the World (Papua New Guinea section): While a direct link to the specific page section for PNG within the broader PDF is not feasible, the information is typically found within the country-specific entries of this report. The general link to the report is: https://www.loc.gov/law/help/cryptocurrency/world-survey.php (The provided search result is a snippet from a document that references this primary source).
  2. Proelium Law LLP - Cryptocurrency Regulation Tracker: https://www.proeliumlaw.com/cryptocurrency-regulation-tracker/
  3. Freeman Law - Papua New Guinea and Cryptocurrency: https://freemanlaw.com/papua-new-guinea-cryptocurrency-laws/
  4. UEEx Technology - Best Crypto Exchanges in Papua New Guinea (2025): https://www.ueex.com/blog/best-crypto-exchanges-in-papua-new-guinea-1561/
  5. The National - Unlocking digital payment in PNG: https://www.thenational.com.pg/unlocking-digital-payment-in-png/
  6. Digital Watch Observatory - Central Bank of Papua New Guinea moves forward with digital currency plans: https://digitalwatch.giplatform.org/news/central-bank-papua-new-guinea-moves-forward-digital-currency-plans
  7. SpectroCoin - Exchange Bitcoin in Papua New Guinea: https://spectrocoin.com/en/bitcoin-exchange-papua-new-guinea.html
  8. LexisNexis Risk Solutions - Cryptocurrency KYC & AML: https://risk.lexisnexis.com/global/en/financial-crime-compliance/cryptocurrency-kyc-aml
  9. Post Courier - Investment scams in Papua New Guinea: https://postcourier.com.pg/investment-scams-in-papua-new-guinea/
  10. Post Courier - PNGX Warns Against Crypto Scams: https://postcourier.com.pg/pngx-warns-against-crypto-scams/
  11. Bitget Guide - How to buy Status(SNT) in Papua New Guinea: https://www.bitget.com/how-to-buy/status/papua-new-guinea
  12. Norton Rose Fulbright - Financial Crime Outlook: 2022 and beyond | Papua New Guinea: (While this specific link may refer to a broader report, Norton Rose Fulbright often publishes on financial crime and regulation). A general search on their site for PNG crypto regulation might be needed if the direct link is too broad. https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/en/knowledge/publications/1b4a0d9f/financial-crime-outlook-2022-and-beyond
  13. Tranche 2 AML - Top Financial Crime Risks for Papua New Guinea in 2024: https://tranche2.com/top-financial-crime-risks-for-papua-new-guinea-in-2024-key-challenges-and-prevention-strategies/
  14. International Trade Administration - Papua New Guinea - Digital Economy: https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/papua-new-guinea-digital-economy
  15. The National - PNG’s Digital Kina Vs the world’s Bitcoin: https://www.thenational.com.pg/pngs-digital-kina-vs-the-worlds-bitcoin/
  16. IDnow - Identity verification for crypto: Compliance Conversion Costs: https://www.idnow.io/solutions/crypto-kyc-aml/
  17. Bank of Papua New Guinea - Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) Proof of Concept: https://www.bankpng.gov.pg/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/BPNG-CBDC-Proof-of-Concept-Study-Report_SML.pdf
  18. Invezz - 7 Best Exchanges to Buy Bitcoin in Papua New Guinea 2025: https://invezz.com/exchange/papua-new-guinea/
  19. Papua New Guinea Registry Services - Regulating Capital Markets (Securities Commission of PNG): https://www.scpng.gov.pg/regulating-capital-markets/ (The search result points to PNG Registry Services, the official site for SCPNG is scpng.gov.pg)
  20. Keith Jackson & Friends: PNG ATTITUDE - Understanding the use of crypto in PNG: https://www.pngattitude.com/2024/02/understanding-the-use-of-crypto-in-png.html
  21. Securities Commission of Papua New Guinea (Official Website): https://www.scpng.gov.pg/
  22. Wikipedia - Legality of cryptocurrency by country or territory: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legality_of_cryptocurrency_by_country_or_territory
  23. Norton Rose Fulbright - Cryptocurrency exchanges and custody providers: International regulatory developments: https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/en/knowledge/publications/479a9f2c/cryptocurrency-exchanges-and-custody-providers-international-regulatory-developments
  24. Bitget Guide - How to buy Binance USD(BUSD) in Papua New Guinea: https://www.bitget.com/how-to-buy/binance-usd/papua-new-guinea
  25. Post Courier - The dark side of Bitcoin: What Papua New Guineans need to know: https://postcourier.com.pg/the-dark-side-of-bitcoin-what-papua-new-guineans-need-to-know/

Web Sources (25)

Sources discovered via web search grounding

Search queries used (7)
  • Retail cryptocurrency trading status Papua New Guinea
  • Papua New Guinea cryptocurrency regulation
  • Bank of Papua New Guinea cryptocurrency policy
  • Securities Commission Papua New Guinea cryptocurrency
  • Papua New Guinea AML/KYC cryptocurrency
  • Is cryptocurrency legal in Papua New Guinea for individuals?
  • Papua New Guinea crypto exchange licensing
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