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Cameroon

Retail_Trading_Status

Gray-Zone Unknown
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Status Changed

Previous status: Banned

The primary difference between the two analyses lies in the identified status of retail cryptocurrency trading in Cameroon: the previous analysis states "Banned," while the new analysis states "Allowed-Unregulated." Justification for the differences: 1. Interpretation of Existing Regulations: The previous analysis interprets the 2022 COBAC (Banking Commission of Central Africa) and BEAC (Bank of Central African States) regulations, which prohibit financial institutions from facilitating cryptocurrency transactions, as an effective ban on retail trading. Its rationale is that without access to banks and payment providers for fiat-to-crypto conversions, retail trading through formal channels is practically impossible. The new analysis, while acknowledging these same COBAC/BEAC prohibitions on financial institutions, distinguishes between a ban on financial intermediaries and a direct legal prohibition on individual citizens. It argues that since no specific law explicitly forbids individuals from buying, selling, or holding cryptocurrencies, the activity itself is not illegal for individuals, even if interacting with the formal Cameroonian financial system for these purposes is blocked. This leads to the "Allowed-Unregulated" status, highlighting a "grey area." 2. Emphasis on Regulatory Nuance and Evolution: The previous analysis focuses almost exclusively on the restrictive impact of the 2022 banking regulations. The new analysis incorporates a broader range of regulatory activities and discussions, particularly from COSUMAF (Financial Market Supervisory Commission of Central Africa). It notes COSUMAF's warnings about the unregulated nature of crypto but also its late 2022 introduction of a legal framework for Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) and its October 2023 call for opinions on VASP approvals. While BEAC remains opposed to crypto regulation, COSUMAF's actions suggest a more nuanced regional approach that is not a simple outright ban on all crypto-related activities, but rather an emerging, albeit slowly developing, regulatory consideration for service providers. This points towards an environment that is more "unregulated" for individuals and potentially moving towards some form of VASP regulation, rather than a blanket "ban." 3. Scope of "Trading": The previous analysis seems to define retail trading primarily through the lens of interactions with the formal, regulated financial sector. The new analysis considers a broader scope, implicitly including peer-to-peer (P2P) trading and the use of international platforms, which can occur outside the direct purview of local financial institutions restricted by COBAC/BEAC. The fact that individuals are engaging in such activities, as evidenced by the Ministry of Finance study cited in the new analysis (almost 900,000 users), supports the "Allowed-Unregulated" status, as these activities are not explicitly illegal even if they bypass the restricted formal channels. 4. Information Timeline and Source Diversity: The previous analysis, dated April 2025, primarily relies on the 2022 regulations and their immediate interpretations. The new analysis, dated June 2025, incorporates more recent sources and developments from late 2022, 2023, early 2024, and even some with 2025 publication dates. These newer sources (e.g., Ministry of Finance study, COSUMAF's VASP framework details, ongoing BEAC opposition statements, legal opinions describing the "grey area") provide a more current and multifaceted view of the situation. This updated information landscape allows for a more nuanced conclusion than a simple "Banned" status, reflecting that while significant restrictions exist for financial institutions, individual activity persists in an unregulated space, and other regulatory bodies (COSUMAF) are beginning to address aspects of the ecosystem. In summary, the new analysis provides a more nuanced and updated perspective. It differentiates between a ban on financial institutions facilitating crypto and the legal status for individuals engaging in crypto activities. It also incorporates more recent regulatory discussions and acknowledgments of crypto adoption, leading to the conclusion that while heavily restricted from interacting with the formal banking sector and lacking specific consumer protections, retail crypto trading by individuals is not explicitly illegal and therefore falls into an "Allowed-Unregulated" category rather than being outright "Banned." The "Banned" status in the previous report likely overemphasized the practical impact of banking restrictions as a de jure ban on individuals, whereas the new report clarifies this distinction.

Analysis ID
#428
Version
Latest
Created
2025-06-26 13:03
Workflow Stage
Live

Executive Summary

As of June 2025, Cameroon's retail crypto trading environment is characterized by a "gray-zone" status. While the use and trading of cryptocurrencies are not explicitly illegal, there is a significant absence of a comprehensive and specific legal framework to govern these activities. The central financial authority, the Bank of Central African States (BEAC), maintains a stance of caution and pessimism towards cryptocurrencies, primarily due to concerns about their impact on foreign exchange reserves and monetary stability. Despite this regulatory vacuum, the Cameroonian Ministry of Finance has begun applying existing tax laws to cryptocurrency transactions, classifying digital assets as intangible assets for taxation purposes. This creates a challenging environment for retail traders, marked by inherent risks due to a lack of specific consumer protection, licensing requirements, and clear Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Know-Your-Customer (KYC) procedures.

Key Pillars

  • Absence of Specific Frameworks: There are no explicit laws or regulations that directly legalize, prohibit, or extensively govern cryptocurrency use and trading.

  • Central Bank Opposition: The Bank of Central African States (BEAC), the monetary policy authority for the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) which includes Cameroon, has strongly advised against investment in cryptocurrencies, reiterating that they are not legal tender and pose risks to financial stability. The BEAC has also prohibited reporting institutions and their technical partners involved in payment services from holding, exchanging, converting, settling, or hedging transactions related to cryptocurrencies.

  • Application of Existing Tax Laws: Despite the lack of specific crypto legislation, the Ministry of Finance has interpreted existing tax codes to apply to cryptocurrency-related income and gains.

Landmark Laws

General Tax Code and Circular No. 002/MINFI/CAB of 10 January 2018
- Authority: Ministry of Finance.
- Date: Circular No. 002/MINFI/CAB was issued on January 10, 2018.
- Summary: These are the primary instruments through which cryptocurrency activities are currently taxed in Cameroon. The Circular clarifies that cryptocurrencies are to be treated as "intangible assets" for taxation purposes, rather than legal tender or currency. This effectively brings crypto transactions under the purview of existing tax principles applicable to intangible assets.

BEAC's Public Statements and Directives (Ongoing, notably 2022-2025)
- Authority: Bank of Central African States (BEAC) and the Central African Banking Commission (COBAC).
- Date: Various statements, with notable warnings issued in November 2022 and ongoing opposition in 2024 and 2025.
- Summary: While not a "law" directly regulating crypto, BEAC's firm opposition and caution significantly shape the financial ecosystem's response. BEAC has repeatedly stated that cryptocurrencies are not legal tender within the CEMAC zone and has prohibited financial institutions from engaging in crypto-related activities, viewing them as a threat to monetary stability and foreign exchange reserves.

Central African Financial Market Supervisory Commission (COSUMAF) General Regulation (May 2023)
- Authority: COSUMAF.
- Date: May 2023.
- Summary: COSUMAF adopted a general regulation integrating digital assets into its legislative framework. However, as of June 2025, COSUMAF has not issued any specific approvals for Digital Asset Service Providers (DASPs), contributing to a "regulatory vacuum" that hinders legitimate fintech operations in the region, including Cameroon.

Considerations

  • Asset Classification: For tax purposes, cryptocurrencies are officially classified as "intangible assets" by the Cameroonian tax authorities. They are not considered legal tender or currency.

  • Taxation: While no specific crypto tax law exists, the Ministry of Finance applies existing tax laws to various crypto activities:Capital Gains Tax (CGT): A rate of 15% is levied on profits earned from selling cryptocurrencies.Income Tax: Earnings from crypto mining or other business-related crypto activities are subject to income tax, ranging from 15% to 30% depending on the business size.Value-Added Tax (VAT): A VAT of 19.25% is charged on transactions involving goods and services purchased with cryptocurrencies.Taxpayers are required to declare all cryptocurrency transactions on their personal tax returns and maintain meticulous records for auditing purposes.

  • Licensing and Registration: There are no formal licensing or registration requirements for individuals or businesses engaging in cryptocurrency activities in Cameroon, which allows for unregulated operations.

  • Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Know-Your-Customer (KYC): Due to the lack of explicit regulations, AML and KYC procedures are not strictly applied within the crypto industry, leading to less scrutiny compared to regulated markets.

  • Legal Tender Status: The CFA franc remains the sole legal tender in Cameroon and across the CEMAC region. Cryptocurrencies are not recognized as such.

Notes

  • Government Initiatives/Proposals: While there are no current government-supported initiatives or pilot projects in cryptocurrency or blockchain, the Ministry of Telecommunications had announced in early 2021 that it was working on a white paper for crypto regulation. However, concrete progress or an enacted framework based on this is not evident by June 2025.

  • BEAC's Firm Stance: The Bank of Central African States (BEAC) continues to express strong opposition to cryptocurrency regulation, primarily driven by concerns over the depletion of foreign exchange reserves and the undermining of the CFA franc. This central bank stance significantly limits the formal integration of crypto into the financial system.

  • CEMAC Regulatory Vacuum: The broader CEMAC zone, despite COSUMAF's general regulation in 2023, is experiencing a regulatory vacuum concerning Digital Asset Service Providers (DASPs). This lack of an operational framework slows fintech growth and forces a significant portion of crypto activities into an unregulated parallel market.

  • Growing Adoption: Despite the official caution and regulatory ambiguity, cryptocurrency usage is reportedly on the rise in Cameroon, particularly among tech-savvy individuals, driven by the ease of digital payments and other financial needs. This creates a dynamic where a growing market operates largely without specific oversight.

Detailed Explanation

Cameroon's approach to retail crypto trading as of June 2025 can best be described as a "gray-zone," a gradual evolution from an implicitly "banned" environment towards one of "allowed-unregulated" use, yet without full endorsement or a clear regulatory framework. This nuanced status reflects the tension between the increasing adoption of digital currencies by the populace and the cautious, often oppositional, stance of the country's financial authorities.The Bank of Central African States (BEAC), the overarching monetary authority for the CEMAC region, including Cameroon, has not developed specific regulations for cryptocurrencies. Instead, BEAC has consistently voiced its skepticism and doubt regarding digital assets, primarily citing concerns about their potential to deplete foreign exchange reserves and destabilize the regional currency, the CFA franc. This cautionary stance is reinforced by directives that prohibit regulated financial institutions from engaging in cryptocurrency-related activities. Consequently, cryptocurrencies are not recognized as legal tender, leaving the CFA franc as the only officially approved currency for transactions and accounting.Despite the absence of a dedicated legal framework, the Cameroonian Ministry of Finance has taken steps to address the burgeoning crypto market through existing tax laws. Crucially, for tax purposes, cryptocurrencies are classified as "intangible assets," not as currency. This classification allows the government to apply existing tax rates: a 15% Capital Gains Tax on trading profits, an Income Tax ranging from 15% to 30% on earnings from mining or business activities, and a 19.25% Value-Added Tax on goods and services paid for with crypto. While this provides some clarity on tax obligations, it does not constitute comprehensive regulation regarding consumer protection, market conduct, or operational licensing for crypto businesses.The lack of specific licensing and registration requirements for crypto businesses means that platforms and individuals can operate without formal oversight, leading to an environment where Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Know-Your-Customer (KYC) procedures are not strictly enforced. This exposes retail traders to significant risks, including fraudulent schemes and limited recourse in case of disputes or losses. The Central African Financial Market Supervisory Commission (COSUMAF)'s efforts to integrate digital assets into its legislative framework have, so far, not resulted in the issuance of approvals for Digital Asset Service Providers (DASPs), contributing to a regulatory vacuum that stifles legitimate fintech growth and pushes activity into less regulated channels.In essence, Cameroon's "gray-zone" status signifies a market where retail crypto trading is informally "allowed" by virtue of not being explicitly banned, yet it operates without the necessary protective guardrails. The regulatory approach is reactive, primarily focusing on taxation, rather than proactive, comprehensive oversight. This situation highlights a complex dynamic where technological adoption outpaces legislative development, creating both opportunities for users and substantial risks in an unformalized and largely unmonitored digital asset landscape.

Summary Points

Here's the detailed regulatory analysis report on Retail Crypto Trading in Cameroon converted into a clear, well-structured bullet point format:

## Cameroon's Retail Crypto Trading Regulations: A Gray-Zone Landscape (as of June 2025)

### 1. Regulatory Status of Retail Crypto Trading

  • Gray-Zone: Retail crypto trading is not explicitly illegal, but there is a significant absence of a comprehensive and specific legal framework.
  • Central Bank Stance: The Bank of Central African States (BEAC) maintains a stance of caution and pessimism towards cryptocurrencies.
  • Taxation: The Ministry of Finance has begun applying existing tax laws to cryptocurrency transactions.
  • Risks: The environment is challenging for retail traders due to a lack of specific consumer protection, licensing requirements, and clear AML/KYC procedures.

### 2. Key Regulatory Bodies & Their Roles

  • Bank of Central African States (BEAC):
  • Monetary policy authority for the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC), which includes Cameroon.
  • Strongly advises against investment in cryptocurrencies, stating they are not legal tender.
  • Prohibits reporting institutions and their technical partners involved in payment services from holding, exchanging, converting, settling, or hedging crypto transactions.
  • Primary concerns: Impact on foreign exchange reserves and monetary stability.
  • Ministry of Finance:
  • Interprets and applies existing tax codes to cryptocurrency-related income and gains.
  • Classifies digital assets as "intangible assets" for taxation purposes.
  • Central African Banking Commission (COBAC):
  • Works in conjunction with BEAC regarding prohibitions for financial institutions.
  • Central African Financial Market Supervisory Commission (COSUMAF):
  • Adopted a general regulation (May 2023) integrating digital assets into its legislative framework.
  • However: As of June 2025, COSUMAF has not issued any specific approvals for Digital Asset Service Providers (DASPs), contributing to a "regulatory vacuum."

### 3. Important Legislation & Regulations (Indirect Impact)

Given the "gray-zone" status, Cameroon lacks specific "landmark legislations" for crypto. However, existing instruments and statements indirectly impact the landscape:

  • General Tax Code and Circular No. 002/MINFI/CAB of 10 January 2018:
  • Authority: Ministry of Finance.
  • Impact: Primary instruments for taxing cryptocurrency activities; clarifies cryptocurrencies are treated as "intangible assets" for taxation.
  • BEAC's Public Statements and Directives (Ongoing, notably 2022-2025):
  • Authority: Bank of Central African States (BEAC) and COBAC.
  • Impact: Significantly shapes the financial ecosystem's response; reiterates that cryptocurrencies are not legal tender within the CEMAC zone and prohibits financial institutions from engaging in crypto-related activities.
  • COSUMAF General Regulation (May 2023):
  • Authority: COSUMAF.
  • Impact: Integrates digital assets into its legislative framework, but the absence of specific DASP approvals creates a "regulatory vacuum" hindering legitimate fintech operations.

### 4. Requirements for Compliance

  • Asset Classification: For tax purposes, cryptocurrencies are officially classified as "intangible assets" by Cameroonian tax authorities. They are not considered legal tender or currency.
  • Taxation: Existing tax laws are applied to various crypto activities:
  • Capital Gains Tax (CGT): 15% levied on profits from selling cryptocurrencies.
  • Income Tax: 15% to 30% on earnings from crypto mining or other business-related crypto activities, depending on business size.
  • Value-Added Tax (VAT): 19.25% charged on transactions involving goods and services purchased with cryptocurrencies.
  • Obligations: Taxpayers are required to declare all cryptocurrency transactions on personal tax returns and maintain meticulous records.
  • Licensing and Registration:
  • None: There are no formal licensing or registration requirements for individuals or businesses engaging in cryptocurrency activities.
  • Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Know-Your-Customer (KYC):
  • Limited Application: Due to the lack of explicit regulations, AML and KYC procedures are not strictly applied within the crypto industry.

### 5. Notable Restrictions or Limitations

  • Legal Tender Status: The CFA franc remains the sole legal tender; cryptocurrencies are not recognized as such.
  • Financial Institution Prohibition: BEAC prohibits regulated financial institutions from engaging in crypto-related activities.
  • Lack of Consumer Protection: No specific regulations exist to protect retail traders from fraud or market risks.
  • Unregulated Operations: The absence of licensing and strict AML/KYC leads to less scrutiny and higher inherent risks for participants.
  • Regulatory Vacuum for DASPs: COSUMAF's general regulation has not yet led to operational approvals for Digital Asset Service Providers, hindering formal fintech growth.

### 6. Recent Developments or Changes

  • Government Initiatives/Proposals: The Ministry of Telecommunications announced in early 2021 that it was working on a white paper for crypto regulation, but no concrete progress or enacted framework is evident by June 2025.
  • BEAC's Firm Stance: The Bank of Central African States (BEAC) continues to express strong opposition to cryptocurrency regulation, primarily due to concerns over foreign exchange reserves and the CFA franc's stability. This limits formal integration.
  • CEMAC Regulatory Vacuum: The broader CEMAC zone, despite COSUMAF's 2023 regulation, continues to experience a regulatory vacuum for Digital Asset Service Providers (DASPs), pushing activities into unregulated parallel markets.
  • Growing Adoption: Despite official caution and regulatory ambiguity, cryptocurrency usage is reportedly on the rise in Cameroon, driven by ease of digital payments and other financial needs.

Full Analysis Report

Retail_Trading_Status in Cameroon

Report Date: 2025-06-26

Topic: Retail_Trading_Status

Description: Assess whether individual citizens and residents in the country are legally permitted to buy, sell, and hold cryptocurrencies. Detail the regulatory environment surrounding this activity (e.g., KYC/AML requirements imposed on platforms, general warnings issued).

Identified Status: Allowed-Unregulated

Detailed Narrative Explanation:

Retail cryptocurrency trading, including buying, selling, and holding, is currently not explicitly prohibited by law for individual citizens and residents in Cameroon. However, the sector operates in a largely unregulated environment, meaning there are no specific laws or comprehensive regulatory frameworks dedicated to cryptocurrencies. This lack of specific regulation creates a "grey area" where activities are possible but without official oversight or investor protection mechanisms tailored to digital assets.

The Bank of the Central African States (BEAC), which serves as the central bank for the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC), including Cameroon, has not issued specific regulations for cryptocurrencies. While BEAC established a legal framework for electronic money in 2011, this does not extend to cryptocurrencies. BEAC has expressed concerns about cryptocurrencies, particularly regarding the potential depletion of foreign exchange reserves, and has shown opposition to their regulation within the CEMAC region. In May 2022, the Banking Commission of Central Africa (COBAC), which is linked to BEAC, prohibited regulated financial institutions from facilitating any crypto-asset transactions.

The Financial Market Supervisory Commission of Central Africa (COSUMAF), the financial market regulator for the CEMAC zone, has also highlighted the unregulated nature of cryptocurrency activities. In October 2020, COSUMAF issued a press release warning the public that cryptocurrency activities were not subject to a regulatory framework in the CEMAC zone and that entities soliciting investments in cryptocurrencies could face legal proceedings. Despite this, COSUMAF has also acknowledged the growing importance of digital assets. In late 2022, COSUMAF published updated financial market regulations that introduced a legal framework for Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) within the CEMAC zone, defining virtual asset services and recognizing crypto platforms as market intermediaries. However, these regulations distinguish virtual assets (crypto-assets) from legal tender and are still awaiting full implementation instruments. COSUMAF has also more recently (October 2023) issued a public call for opinions on an instruction regarding approval as Market Intermediaries, including VASPs.

While there are no specific crypto-focused Anti-Money Laundering (AML) or Know-Your-Customer (KYC) regulations, general AML and KYC requirements under Cameroonian law (such as Law No. 2010/12 on the prevention and suppression of money laundering and terrorism financing) and CEMAC regulations would likely apply to entities involved in financial transactions, including those potentially involving cryptocurrencies if they fall under the scope of existing financial regulations. However, the application of these to the crypto industry is not consistently enforced due to the lack of explicit crypto regulations.

The Cameroonian government has shown some interest in understanding digital currencies. In 2015, there was a trial with a digital currency, but it was halted due to high electricity costs. The Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MINPOSTEL) has also held seminars on the challenges and opportunities of cryptocurrencies, suggesting a potential move towards regulation. A study presented by the Ministry of Finance in August 2023 indicated a significant number of cryptocurrency users in Cameroon (almost 900,000), highlighting the growing adoption despite the regulatory vacuum. This study also pointed out the prevalence of Ponzi schemes in the crypto space due to the lack of regulation.

Despite the lack of specific regulation and warnings from regional bodies, individuals in Cameroon are engaging in cryptocurrency trading, often through peer-to-peer exchanges or international platforms. The activity is not illegal per se, but it operates without specific legal protections or a clear framework for taxation or dispute resolution. The government and regional bodies are aware of the growing use and are in discussions about potential regulatory frameworks, but as of early 2024, BEAC remains opposed to regulating cryptocurrencies, citing risks to monetary stability. There are indications that Cameroon's President may be signaling a more friendly approach towards cryptocurrencies by 2025, as suggested by a presidential circular regarding the 2025 state budget.

Specific, Relevant Text Excerpts:

  • AInvest (June 18, 2025): "Cameroon has not legalized cryptocurrency and does not provide an official framework for its use. However, it has been adopted to some extent, mainly by tech-savvy individuals... The regulatory framework in Cameroon is characterized by the absence of specific guidelines for cryptocurrency. The BEAC, which controls the financial affairs of CEMAC member states, including Cameroon, has not developed regulations for cryptocurrency."
  • Mondaq (quoting 4M LEGAL AND TAX): "Virtual currencies are not regulated in Cameroon." And, "Currently, no virtual currencies are embedded in Cameroon. However, Bitcoin is commonly used as a medium of exchange, particularly for money transfers and fiat currency/crypto trading."
  • Freeman Law (citing a 2018 study): "Currently, Cameroon lacks appropriate regulation addressing cryptocurrency and its legal status. In fact, according to a 2018 study, Cameroon has not yet enacted any legislation regarding cryptocurrencies. Accordingly, no regulatory framework for the use and trade of cryptocurrency exists."
  • CoinStats (June 17/18, 2025): "Is trading cryptocurrency legal in Cameroon? Yes, cryptocurrency trading is possible in Cameroon but it is not formalized; thus, it exists in a grey area. Businesses and traders are at liberty to purchase and sell crypto but they are exposed to the dangers of unregulated practices... Cameroon has not legalized cryptocurrency and does not officially provide a framework on how to use it."
  • Prime Time Law Office: "In fact, the Central African Financial Market Supervisory Commission (COSUMAF) on 23 October 2020 published a press release warning the population that the activities around cryptocurrency are not subject to a regulatory framework in the CEMAC zone..."
  • Business in Cameroon (February 5, 2024): "In response to pressing calls from fintech companies to regulate cryptocurrencies in the CEMAC region, the Central Bank of Central African States (BEAC) has firmly indicated its opposition... Despite this, BEAC maintains its opposition to cryptocurrency regulation, even as the Central African Financial Market Supervisory Commission (COSUMAF) excluded cryptocurrencies from its regulatory framework on August 1, 2022."
  • Cointribune (March 31, 2022): "The buying and selling of cryptocurrency is not regulated in Cameroon nor is it illegal. The regulatory fallback position is traditional contract law, either business law (BtoB) or consumer law (BtoC) for the purpose of selling digital assets."
  • Legal Network International (December 14, 2022): "On December 14, 2022, the Financial Market Regulator of the CEMAC Zone (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon), infused a breath of fresh air into crypto platforms with the publication of updated financial market regulation (the “Updated regulation”) that establishes a legal framework for crypto platforms operating within the zone."
  • Mimi Mefo Info (December 9, 2024): "According to Prime Time, a law office in Buea, there is no single law in Cameroon that regulates cryptocurrency... To them, Cameroonians can buy and sell cryptocurrencies so long as the purpose of the transaction is not contravening the law..."
  • Mariblock (September 6, 2023, quoting a Ministry of Finance study): "In the absence of regulation, they attract a significant clientele due to advertising and promises of rewards, which, in most cases, result in the loss of public savings."

Direct, Accessible URL Links to Sources:

  1. AInvest (June 18, 2025): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGYWkuds9ICBKp6y3XlFTzuBtPQFnKBa6XVplErvlETFhi5otXoN9biyPH26drbAoNNJMm4vaOz3TRhVIHvLElFFEHPAgE-ErAlJQg6rlGuFehByBml-B8T2GA718eappRrrsfFmIY57fke03-kTbg-acAx6bfIH4d05EowvtgHEmNvILp7J6pBzcfnylziB-qR_7f_Kdmr8_fQIg==
  2. Mondaq (quoting 4M LEGAL AND TAX, specific date of article not fully clear but content appears relevant): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFQxN5-_6sSbjMmmBd_oaEzZNwIVtaI3_yX_lLscmW7fdTVrLU-YJNa5Tay1cDUSJZJep9-Tpfd0yOsOCckv7uUf-ty1nWMxQRDtVC6W0L2GCd6qUcv6e5lUk-V50tNSxILO_kWzq9CiqIWg59n4DjuS84ZZwiyQRF3-OwZ91KSwIqm8hlWQxA=
  3. Freeman Law (specific date of article not fully clear but references a 2018 study): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGqsJfNYX_u-C6Lb2jvtjXnu27_E889n6upek0fuibAmUKivEO9xPtxU-3k_3CAclxyOnvPug5GfYxTtLG5ez1LHjYkeUumRsc4THe2lOL7vGeeh3NROHWRQB4DiQmh17GSqSdBKm1F7Bo4GmdskQxAlyJ6KtVRYRw=
  4. CoinStats (June 17/18, 2025): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQG-D1BzERA9AVq4TnAF_fJ3sqXY_35-s40Ud7GwVPmO1_s6sXLK5jmMy-HxIF-p4WqvCF_r03KpP-iAp7wnop40iq0IZXbDSbn15hhYRPXuvslUoY4g5hj3TJqjPjyk3JBNwRRT0kNvmEvLWWn50VONwKB6OWLuuZ6SmhhEeGGFTHrTaUEakK_jcsjPHzOCXjzzol26qv5gzvZzFJU2Txe74LXf3HGKFuA_uYPvepVUoIS9vjF8sxiXwf46Oow5iQ==
  5. Prime Time Law Office (specific date of article not fully clear, references events in 2020 and 2021): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGTi05Oe7DOg1-pHxsUxvxJ5FBs8zAFqtaQJavOkQHY2BYSErFL41Ah8ik_Dy8bqpUCdL4pxFdOu31Zpnr3wiWhP1ocF65YFkwDvppWkxbD0afrvefpb_mwp7MSlvvAZtgbZK46ArYmmdClC6EhHDU5wZEZ1JFqqiJE3XFoq7L29aj8AMJuqA==
  6. Business in Cameroon (August 28, 2023): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGDA6122RY9gbcsBuSTsbifI09tWUZtfJtRScF3U1LWd-OGvlmKtwsFs5TnPB7nBk_JCV4qtg_RU7Km834-At-FhVsi54xIBgLA8XpNDjQSy_cfuAGWhZbJLUtVSIpuuHHUlyFLVLNP3BPYIvaxmjKxGup0Mwfr-qJKCyEDOK1bxOdW2lk4avwuhztb2yDv0UXGTbFrnSoVXfdsITvr1QmOjaLEPoE-fA5w0j1zIZewSgA3bkNeCNGfAkEkJhyF
  7. Business in Cameroon (February 5, 2024): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHG0-FrQXfSa5BC5JJ3dMD89iInKi0Ngwcl2jALoqtaifKUIYmqNVyq26036C3Xc-MqW5NJyj-BiObCW8NH5U3GB_bV3T4iW1pi_h5GQWV01YwqL9X9uywHh1rTMRdQsxf3GAggblk-h4K9qJo7WiS_aj7y2IXiTDSK32F54ORgih-trO0jBgGHQwEGz_9ANYbKXFYYE8RUPXdeTTOP2ckwsSjLQ3IU4NxynrACK8-OVl4W
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  10. UPay Blog (November 21, 2024 - Note: The year in the article title might be a typo, content seems current to late 2023/early 2024 trends): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFFwAjI0vCntBjT_50TlOH1rUarwMJZQVzArra__61zfZIELcwiYYg6fLSjdULm3IXGxUve6aZbznJIuXSWLZRlTav31lNy_aSNEVEk7wT51VkB-kKtQMLGV7L6IwjcT0k1Sk26u1mvpfKKkA==
  11. Mimi Mefo Info (December 9, 2024 - Note: The year in the article title might be a typo, content references events in late 2024): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEx_N_eVOxBBUf7uKixtd9Twn9U_zPVeC8Qn_ea4EVKTwRJPQlz6Lk5IPG01K8525qn70zb2V-p4RT1Pnn3ys--ygbgfK2ArI9FHDW3Nk4fA8UMyPnfWeI3PtlKs1dNU8D7GsektCajrslN6AffxK5SZXm69LXZONzwADczKmRQgdoZCq_poT2H2KmKo1qk8r8=
  12. Mariblock (September 6, 2023): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGr1Mtt9RQ5izdLzBq89mJFPQL1yRJjK81s9IxEl0we0bG5O7aHvzM9tz8Cydb2WhcRd1yRb_pTXF48NsfgD1-Y9Z6Q7CDd11RYLZYyQNDRJIHSYRbUE0NUsV7FxRS--5sLzrKYaCiK4-gAOhkOWgQ4Didmu-9fVBwOeC4pWYbly_ZKuFrtt8IckxJNUeOsftz9bpF5GeP-ZoyTOw==
  13. 4M Legal and Tax (article on "FINTECH and Cryptoassets: A Comprehensive Guide to the New CEMAC Zone Regulation", specific date not prominent but discusses late 2022 regulation): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHsG-0Eb3S-f9z8s9jH1rXqBaTSL5NHKUI37QtgeHNg3yeG7iir37s7xj7C2ksFXsqC0xed75EAswgsBiv7ZtFNVoaaePjDS0vEJhRjuxSaOC-5sEL6kQbOqrkCp6kCrnM7aFWNksJSSn495A==
  14. Coinfomania (June 18, 2025): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFhOoaAWhsce3zFDgrVPSj2noYgdowS5IfHNTa3oFYPwN1cvHHcny7Q_Tl2jZtILc0bwD9KjwRzfW_FWqwcBk45epUUKiiSIn1FQ4ye1iSL3blDpYylnUIkfNny9r73WeAvS-l-im_bfIKISZIc4HAyMc8eUYXBlBHjOQ==
  15. John W Ffooks & Co (April 28, 2022): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQE_ncLK1iZOXpp5dVgl6KZ6nHIH0wLWBCHhTIekH8LyxSUq9hd7HHHRlGBRrv8_yDj4XOvPMdKZqYd0O6APFXe_oY3gjuxelJyv1Cugh6AbhNUUyzT-6r3wxZdDuvG9-jxoKUDLGQcqzkmWXD-8hWZhaAWxNvpA8Rbz2KCO4eIzo3j_8Pfv5m5BzoObFoRT
  16. 4M Legal and Tax (November 30, 2023, "Virtual Assets Regulation Within The CEMAC Zone"): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFROWOJXtNTB92M03Cira9u9HpEJRK7wUVK8PnLUtxs_G_DQjukebez6hsRC7tvzYJPkLXn2U5NWGElaIVaSC8JEeV8X-2mQsOZdA0B1okGgfkr64V9xlbbM5e5qt-hLiD-ImRHkgnoJJVVn60oufF4nJoZfUi1GikcdG17yFgT-WA0
  17. Anqa (June 18/19, 2025, "Cameroon AML Compliance | Sanctions KYC Services"): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGIWi6CVihMs572aS335YIeOGjUhM3bf0HUfy8-jjMD1NxJ9rRF-ffydg9iX2oB5oMLsVnNXiwGo_WlznYsukcK5LY1QVSlC6dCAuZRjo1vbQ-uyBT0efBHBwiCV_VvBO3YILHKeyrU2WFtT7U=
  18. Kinsmen Advocates (2024 New Guide, "Fintech Company Registration in Cameroon"): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFLhQriR4HZ9-H1nCaDlLACloJ4pjqeQ1SdLjFIF6UCO1Rmkabgl0sLyt17cR63WIdQYOtrFy54gabHqZdRT_rnD5nxwT85WAD-xLf1UUnju1Z2T4BADHR9zeXxPqPdyQXuQVSVa4Z92vm2aMK5Cxhq4xkJbwfTmxs5rqZ6iPhWE_NcJt4lXYVl1tKPU68=
  19. Smile ID (Specific date not prominent, content appears current for KYC/AML regulations): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGjqUipcs-o4Fgj9a2WZjdDgqE3qBTXMaOdW2pYmHGmskgM2QOlKSHZAClvCxc2nNc3HIUCrWBb-T31qWm6PfhAZ7Z_jAfgkv3mSRpruhezMhoRfecnPU-m77vZxSSRRXtlD6v1
  20. Business in Cameroon (November 11, 2021): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEpKBUmR95Ws4Bbkxca7dhXMk1szioMrxGh0ddpUiOTGtCLstXlEhzIoukaYIfuwTiD-38nmn64u4HjHMuOpodR-MFSKyvb6O7XaNEJyjOtWXwyo34Gz1PDxtCfTz-hwIy4GEvgNFilYR0m5sxTcGe6s7eiK9G5ZRmrlljl2OrSlAqNiZbb0lJCiJ9JK264en9NFquwra5jhp6wenQ2WoHp-jcPzA==

Web Sources (20)

Sources discovered via web search grounding

Search queries used (8)
  • current status of retail cryptocurrency trading in Cameroon
  • Cameroon cryptocurrency laws and regulations 2024 2025
  • BEAC cryptocurrency regulations Cameroon
  • COSUMAF cryptocurrency Cameroon
  • Cameroon Ministry of Finance cryptocurrency
  • Is cryptocurrency trading legal for individuals in Cameroon?
  • KYC/AML requirements for crypto platforms in Cameroon
  • Official statements on cryptocurrency in Cameroon
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