Nicaragua
Retail_Trading_Status
Status Changed
Previous status: Allowed-UnRegulated
The primary difference between the two analyses lies in the assessment of the regulatory environment surrounding retail cryptocurrency trading in Nicaragua, leading to a change in status from "Allowed-UnRegulated" in the previous analysis to "Allowed-Regulated" in the new analysis. Justification for the differences: The change in status is justified because the new analysis incorporates significant legislative and regulatory developments that were either not fully captured or were overlooked in the previous analysis, despite some of these developments predating the stated date of the previous report. 1. Introduction of Specific Legislation and Definitions: The previous analysis, dated April 12, 2025, stated there was "no specific legislation" and a "significant regulatory vacuum." It acknowledged general AML/CFT laws but noted their specific application to Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) was undefined. The new analysis, dated June 26, 2025, correctly identifies Law No. 1072, enacted in May 2021, which amended existing AML laws to include and define "virtual assets" and "Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs)." This law fundamentally changes the landscape from "unregulated" to one where these concepts are legally recognized and subject to oversight. 2. Establishment of a Licensing and Supervisory Framework for VASPs: The previous analysis indicated that the Superintendency of Banks and Other Financial Institutions (SIBOIF) had not established a framework for regulating crypto exchanges. The new analysis highlights that following Law No. 1072, the Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN) issued Resolution No. CD-BCN-XXV-1-22 in April 2022. This resolution establishes the BCN as the authority responsible for licensing, registering, supervising, and sanctioning VASPs. It mandates that VASPs must obtain an operating license from the BCN, a crucial element of a regulated environment that was missing from the first report. 3. Enhanced AML/CFT Oversight for Virtual Transactions: While the previous analysis mentioned general AML/CFT concerns and the BCN's warnings, it suggested a lack of specific enforcement mechanisms for crypto. The new analysis details a January 2025 resolution from the Financial Analysis Unit (UAF) requiring the monitoring and reporting of virtual transactions (including cryptocurrencies) starting from US$1,000. This resolution imposes specific obligations on VASPs, such as monitoring IP addresses and identifying transaction parties, directly addressing the AML/CFT concerns within a defined regulatory action. 4. Taxation Framework: The new analysis also introduces information regarding the taxation of cryptocurrencies as intangible assets, with capital gains tax applicable, which further indicates a level of state recognition and regulatory consideration, albeit not directly part of VASP operational regulation. In essence, the previous analysis depicted a scenario where individuals could trade crypto primarily because there were no explicit prohibitions, and regulatory bodies had a hands-off approach beyond issuing warnings. The new analysis, by incorporating Law No. 1072 (May 2021), BCN Resolution CD-BCN-XXV-1-22 (April 2022), and the UAF Resolution (January 2025), demonstrates that Nicaragua has indeed moved to establish a regulatory framework. This framework, while perhaps still developing in terms of practical implementation and the number of locally licensed VASPs, legally defines virtual assets and VASPs, mandates licensing for service providers, and imposes AML/CFT obligations. Therefore, the shift in status from "Allowed-UnRegulated" to "Allowed-Regulated" is justified by the evidence of these specific legal and regulatory measures aimed at overseeing the virtual asset sector, particularly VASPs, primarily for AML/CFT purposes. The new analysis provides a more accurate and comprehensive picture of the regulatory status by including these crucial developments that were already in effect by the time the previous analysis was supposedly compiled.
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- #424
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- 2025-06-26 13:05
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Executive Summary
Nicaragua has officially adopted an "Allowed-Regulated" stance on retail crypto trading. A new comprehensive regulation issued in April 2025 by the Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN) has replaced the prior 2022 framework, creating a structured legal environment for cryptocurrency and fintech operations. This new framework mandates that crypto exchanges, wallets, and platforms must register and obtain licenses as Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs). It also enforces robust Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Know Your Customer (KYC) standards to ensure compliance and mitigate financial risks.
Key Pillars
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Mandatory Licensing and Registration for VASPs: All entities operating as crypto exchanges, wallet providers, and digital asset transfer platforms are required to obtain a license from the Central Bank of Nicaragua. They must also register with the Financial Analysis Unit (UAF).
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Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Know Your Customer (KYC) Standards: The regulation enforces strict AML and KYC procedures. This includes robust identity verification systems, corporate governance standards, and formal risk management policies for VASPs.
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Supervision by the Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN): The BCN is the primary regulatory authority responsible for issuing licenses, setting minimum capital requirements (ranging from US$110,000 to US$300,000 depending on the type and scope of activities), and overseeing compliance.
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Scope of Virtual Assets and Services: The regulation defines "virtual assets" broadly as any digital representation of value that can be digitally traded, transferred, or used for payment, explicitly including cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. It excludes digital representations of fiat currencies. VASP services include exchange between virtual and fiat currencies, exchange between different virtual assets, virtual asset transfers, custody/management of virtual assets, and financial services related to the issuance and sale of virtual assets.
Landmark Laws
Law No. 1072
- Authority: Legislature
- Date: May 17, 2021
- Summary: This law reformed Law No. 977, the "Law on Money Laundering, Terrorism Financing and Financing of the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction," and added provisions to Law No. 561, the "General Law of Banks, Non-Banking Financial Institutions and Financial Groups." Law No. 561, as amended, is used to regulate virtual assets and VASPs under the scrutiny of Nicaragua's Financial Analysis Unit. This marked the initial move to bring cryptocurrencies and digital assets under government oversight.
Resolution No. CD-BCN-XXV-1-22, "Regulations for Financial Technology Providers of Payment Services and Virtual Asset Service Providers"
- Authority: Central Bank of Nicaragua
- Date: April 27, 2022
- Summary: Issued by the Central Bank of Nicaragua, this regulation replaced earlier rules from September 2020. It established the requirements for obtaining licenses and registrations for Payment Service Providers (PSPs) and Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs), along with their obligations and penalties for non-compliance. This resolution explicitly brought VASPs under the licensing and registration mandate of the BCN.
New Regulation for Fintech Companies
- Authority: Central Bank of Nicaragua
- Date: April 2025 (effective June 2025)
- Summary: This new framework, issued by the Central Bank of Nicaragua, replaced the 2022 regulation. It introduces a more robust and structured legal foundation, aligning with international standards, and reinforces mandatory licensing and enhanced governance for both PSPs and VASPs.
Considerations
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Asset Classification: For tax purposes, cryptocurrencies in Nicaragua are generally classified as intangible assets, similar to stocks or bonds, rather than legal tender or currency. If a crypto asset provides a contractual right to receive cash or another financial instrument, it would be classified as a financial asset. Crypto assets often meet the definition of intangible assets due to their lack of physical substance.
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Taxation:Capital Gains Tax: Gains from the sale or exchange of cryptocurrencies are subject to a 15% capital gains tax. The taxable gain is calculated as the difference between the selling price and the acquisition cost.Income Tax: Income derived from cryptocurrency mining or other revenue-generating activities is subject to regular income tax, with rates ranging from 0% to 30% depending on the amount earned.Value-Added Tax (VAT): When cryptocurrencies are used to purchase goods or services, the transaction may be subject to a 15% VAT.Taxpayers are required to report all cryptocurrency transactions on their tax returns and maintain good records. There are currently no specific exemptions or deductions for cryptocurrency transactions.
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Legal Tender Status: Cryptocurrencies are not considered legal currency or money in Nicaragua. While their use is not illegal, there are no specific laws to protect users or businesses that use them as legal tender.
Notes
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While the regulatory framework for virtual assets is now more defined, some areas remain in development. The focus on AML/KYC and VASP licensing indicates a cautious approach, aiming to protect against risks while allowing for innovation.
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There is no indication that Nicaragua is considering making any cryptocurrency legal tender, unlike some regional counterparts.
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Ongoing discussions and potential future amendments are likely as the global crypto landscape evolves.
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Currently, there are no widespread government-led pilot programs for crypto adoption or specific proposals beyond the current regulatory enforcement.
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However, there are non-governmental initiatives, such as those exploring AI for climate resilience, which may involve "Crypto for Good" applications, though these are distinct from direct crypto adoption initiatives by the government.
Detailed Explanation
Detailed Explanation
Nicaragua has solidified its regulatory stance on retail crypto trading, moving from a period of uncertainty to a clearly defined "Allowed-Regulated" status by June 2025. This evolution is primarily driven by new regulations issued by the Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN) in April 2025, which supersede the previous framework from 2022. The new regulatory environment aims to establish a structured legal foundation for cryptocurrency and broader fintech operations, aligning Nicaragua with international standards, particularly those related to anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing.A cornerstone of Nicaragua's regulatory approach is the mandatory registration and licensing of Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs). This includes entities such as cryptocurrency exchanges, digital wallets, and platforms facilitating digital asset transfers. These service providers must not only obtain a license from the BCN but also register with the Financial Analysis Unit (UAF), which is the country's anti-money laundering authority. The BCN has also established differentiated minimum capital requirements for these licensed entities, ranging from US$110,000 to US$300,000, depending on the scale and nature of their operations. This stringent licensing regime is designed to professionalize the sector, enhance consumer protection, and mitigate financial risks.Crucially, the regulatory framework places a strong emphasis on Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Know Your Customer (KYC) standards. VASPs are required to implement robust identity verification systems, adhere to corporate governance principles, and establish formal risk management policies. These measures are in line with global efforts to prevent illicit financial activities within the crypto ecosystem. The definition of "virtual assets" under the regulation is broad, encompassing any digital representation of value that can be traded, transferred, or used for payment, explicitly including decentralized cryptocurrencies. However, digital representations of traditional fiat currencies are not classified as virtual assets under this framework. The scope of VASP activities covered by the regulation is comprehensive, including exchanges between virtual assets and fiat currencies, inter-virtual asset exchanges, transfers, custody, and financial services related to the issuance and sale of virtual assets.Regarding taxation, Nicaragua treats cryptocurrencies as intangible assets for tax purposes, similar to traditional investments like stocks or bonds, rather than as legal tender. This classification has direct implications for how crypto-related activities are taxed. Gains derived from the sale or exchange of cryptocurrencies are subject to a 15% capital gains tax. Income generated from activities such as cryptocurrency mining is taxed as regular income, with rates varying based on the individual's income bracket (0% to 30%). Furthermore, transactions involving the use of cryptocurrencies to purchase goods or services may incur a 15% Value-Added Tax (VAT). Taxpayers are mandated to report all cryptocurrency transactions on their tax returns and maintain thorough records for compliance, although specific exemptions or deductions are not explicitly outlined.While Nicaragua has established a regulatory framework for virtual assets, it has not officially legalized cryptocurrencies as legal tender, a position different from some other Central American nations like El Salvador. The government maintains a cautious, middle-ground approach, observing crypto activities and implementing rules for user protection without fully embracing or banning them. As of June 2025, there are no prominent government-led pilot programs or specific proposals for wider crypto adoption beyond the regulatory enforcement framework. However, the private sector and non-governmental organizations continue to explore the potential of blockchain and AI, for instance, in climate resilience initiatives, which may involve "Crypto for Good" applications in the future. The ongoing evolution of the global crypto landscape suggests that Nicaragua's regulatory framework may continue to adapt and mature to balance innovation with financial stability and consumer protection.
Summary Points
Here's the detailed regulatory analysis report on Retail Crypto Trading in Nicaragua, converted into a clear, scannable bullet point format:
### Retail Crypto Trading in Nicaragua: Regulatory Overview
I. Regulatory Status of Retail Crypto Trading
- Overall Stance: "Allowed-Regulated"
- Nicaragua has established a structured legal environment for retail crypto trading.
- Effective Date:
- The current comprehensive regulatory framework came into effect in June 2025.
- This framework was issued in April 2025, replacing a prior 2022 regulation.
II. Key Regulatory Bodies and Their Roles
- Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN):
- Primary Authority: Oversees all retail crypto trading activities.
- Licensing: Responsible for issuing licenses to Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs).
- Oversight: Sets minimum capital requirements and oversees ongoing compliance.
- Financial Analysis Unit (UAF):
- Registration: VASPs are required to register with the UAF, which is Nicaragua's anti-money laundering authority.
- AML/CFT: Works in conjunction with the BCN to enforce anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing standards.
III. Important Legislation and Regulations
- Evolution of Framework:
- Law No. 1072 (May 17, 2021):
- Amended existing laws (Law No. 977 on Money Laundering/Terrorism Financing and Law No. 561 on Banks) to bring virtual assets and VASPs under government oversight, specifically under the scrutiny of the UAF.
- Resolution No. CD-BCN-XXV-1-22 (Effective April 27, 2022):
- Issued by the BCN, this regulation replaced earlier rules (from September 2020).
- Established requirements for licensing and registration for Payment Service Providers (PSPs) and Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs), along with their obligations and penalties.
- Explicitly brought VASPs under the BCN's licensing and registration mandate.
- Current Framework (New Regulation for Fintech Companies - Issued April 2025, Effective June 2025):
- Issued by the BCN, this new framework replaced the 2022 regulation.
- Introduces a more robust and structured legal foundation, aligning with international standards.
- Reinforces mandatory licensing and enhanced governance for both PSPs and VASPs.
- Key Definitions:
- "Virtual Assets": Broadly defined as any digital representation of value that can be digitally traded, transferred, or used for payment.
- Explicitly includes cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin.
- Explicitly excludes digital representations of fiat currencies.
- "VASP Services": Include:
- Exchange between virtual and fiat currencies.
- Exchange between different virtual assets.
- Virtual asset transfers.
- Custody and/or management of virtual assets.
- Financial services related to the issuance and sale of virtual assets.
- Asset Classification:
- For tax purposes, cryptocurrencies are generally classified as intangible assets, similar to stocks or bonds.
- If a crypto asset provides a contractual right to receive cash or another financial instrument, it may be classified as a financial asset.
IV. Requirements for Compliance
- For Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs):
- Mandatory Licensing: All crypto exchanges, wallet providers, and digital asset transfer platforms must obtain a license from the Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN).
- Mandatory Registration: Must also register with the Financial Analysis Unit (UAF).
- Anti-Money Laundering (AML) & Know Your Customer (KYC):
- Strict AML and KYC procedures are enforced.
- Requires robust identity verification systems.
- Mandates adherence to corporate governance standards.
- Requires formal risk management policies for VASPs.
- Capital Requirements:
- Minimum capital requirements range from US$110,000 to US$300,000, depending on the type and scope of VASP activities.
V. Notable Restrictions or Limitations
- Legal Tender Status:
- Cryptocurrencies are not considered legal currency or money in Nicaragua.
- While their use is not illegal, there are no specific laws to protect users or businesses that use them as legal tender.
- Taxation:
- Capital Gains Tax: Gains from the sale or exchange of cryptocurrencies are subject to a 15% capital gains tax.
- Taxable gain is calculated as the difference between the selling price and the acquisition cost.
- Income Tax: Income derived from cryptocurrency mining or other revenue-generating activities is subject to regular income tax.
- Rates range from 0% to 30% depending on the amount earned.
- Value-Added Tax (VAT): When cryptocurrencies are used to purchase goods or services, the transaction may be subject to a 15% VAT.
- Reporting: Taxpayers are required to report all cryptocurrency transactions on their tax returns and maintain good records.
- Exemptions/Deductions: Currently, there are no specific exemptions or deductions for cryptocurrency transactions.
- Government Initiatives:
- As of June 2025, there are no widespread government-led pilot programs for crypto adoption or specific proposals beyond the current regulatory enforcement.
- No indication that Nicaragua is considering making any cryptocurrency legal tender.
VI. Recent Developments or Changes
- New Regulatory Framework (April 2025):
- The most significant recent change is the implementation of the new, more robust and structured legal framework by the BCN, which became effective in June 2025.
- This framework replaced the 2022 regulation, aligning Nicaragua with international standards for fintech and virtual assets.
- Ongoing Evolution:
- While the framework is now more defined, some areas remain in development.
- Ongoing discussions and potential future amendments are likely as the global crypto landscape evolves.
- The focus on AML/KYC and VASP licensing indicates a cautious approach, aiming to protect against risks while allowing for innovation.
- Non-Governmental Initiatives:
- Private sector and non-governmental initiatives are exploring blockchain and AI, for instance, in climate resilience, which may involve "Crypto for Good" applications, though these are distinct from direct government crypto adoption initiatives.
Full Analysis Report
Full Analysis Report
Report on Retail_Trading_Status in Nicaragua
Date: 2025-06-26
Topic: Retail_Trading_Status
Description: Assess whether individual citizens and residents in the country are legally permitted to buy, sell, and hold cryptocurrencies. Detail the regulatory environment surrounding this activity (e.g., KYC/AML requirements imposed on platforms, general warnings issued).
Retail_Trading_Status
Status Value: Allowed-Regulated
Narrative Explanation:
Retail cryptocurrency trading by individual citizens and residents in Nicaragua is legally permitted but has become subject to a developing regulatory framework focused primarily on preventing money laundering and illicit financing. While there isn't an outright ban on owning or trading cryptocurrencies, the Nicaraguan government has taken steps to bring virtual asset service providers (VASPs) and transactions involving virtual assets under regulatory oversight.
Historically, Nicaragua had no specific regulations targeting cryptocurrencies. However, this changed significantly with the introduction of Law No. 1072 in May 2021, which amended existing anti-money laundering (AML) laws to include virtual assets. This law defined "virtual assets" as a digital representation of value that can be digitally traded or transferred and used for payment or investment purposes, explicitly excluding digital representations of fiat currency, securities, and other financial assets. It also defined VASPs as entities conducting activities such as exchange between virtual assets and fiat currencies, exchange between different virtual assets, transfer of virtual assets, custody or administration of virtual assets, and participation in financial services related to an issuer's offer or sale of a virtual asset.
Following Law No. 1072, the Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN) issued Resolution No. CD-BCN-XXV-1-22 in April 2022 (with subsequent amendments). This resolution establishes the requirements for VASPs to obtain an operating license from the BCN. It mandates that entities wishing to provide virtual asset services must incorporate as a legal entity in Nicaragua for this purpose. The BCN is the authority responsible for the prudential regulation of VASPs, including licensing, registration, supervision, and sanctioning.
Furthermore, the Financial Analysis Unit (UAF) of Nicaragua plays a significant role in overseeing virtual asset transactions to prevent illicit activities. In January 2025, the UAF published a resolution requiring the monitoring and reporting of "unusual" or "suspicious" virtual transactions starting from US$1,000 to the BCN. This includes transactions involving cryptocurrencies, smart contracts, and virtual wallets. VASPs are obligated to monitor IP addresses used for transfers and identify both the sender and beneficiary of transactions. These measures are framed within the context of Nicaragua's laws against money laundering and terrorist financing, aligning with international standards such as those from the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).
While individuals are permitted to engage with cryptocurrencies, they do so within this increasingly regulated environment. For tax purposes, cryptocurrencies are generally treated as intangible assets, similar to stocks or bonds, and are not considered legal tender. Gains from the sale or exchange of cryptocurrencies are subject to a capital gains tax (reportedly 15%), and income from activities like mining is subject to income tax.
It's important to note that while the legal framework allows for VASPs to operate under license, the actual number of licensed providers and the ease of access for retail traders through local, regulated platforms is an evolving situation. Some international crypto exchanges and brokers may offer services to Nicaraguan residents, though their compliance with local licensing requirements may vary. The government's approach is described as cautious, aiming to mitigate risks associated with cryptocurrencies. The UAF also publishes information and warnings regarding the illicit uses of cryptocurrencies.
Specific, Relevant Text Excerpts:
- Plata con Plática (January 26, 2024): "Y para ponerle la cereza al pastel, la Ley General de bancos (Ley 561) establece en su artículo 53 inciso 13 (adicionado por la Ley 1072) que los bancos pueden proveer servicios de activos virtuales. Y aunque de momento ningún banco ha querido entrarle al tema de los activos virtuales, el concepto es totalmente legal bajo el ordenamiento jurídico nicaragüense." (Translation: "And to put the cherry on top, the General Law of Banks (Law 561) establishes in its article 53 subsection 13 (added by Law 1072) that banks can provide virtual asset services. And although at the moment no bank has wanted to enter the subject of virtual assets, the concept is totally legal under the Nicaraguan legal system.")
- Plata con Plática (January 26, 2024): "La ley 1072 incorporó, por primera vez en mayo de 2021, la definición de Activos virtuales a la legislación nicaragüense, definiéndolos como: representación digital de valor que se puede comercializar o transferir digitalmente y se puede utilizar para pagos e inversiones. Los activos virtuales no incluyen representaciones digitales de moneda fiat, valores y otros activos financieros." (Translation: "Law 1072 incorporated, for the first time in May 2021, the definition of Virtual Assets into Nicaraguan legislation, defining them as: a digital representation of value that can be digitally traded or transferred and can be used for payments and investments. Virtual assets do not include digital representations of fiat currency, securities, and other financial assets.")
- Manimama Law Firm (November 19, 2024): "The law regulating the activities of VASPs. The law No. 1072 · Resolution of the Central Bank of Nicaragua No. CD-BCN-XXV-1-22. VASP regulator. The Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN). The Financial Analysis Unit (UAF)."
- Manimama Law Firm (November 19, 2024): "According to Article 6 of Resolution No. CD-BCN-XXV-1-22: In order to VA services, interested parties must submit an application for an operating license to the BCN."
- EFE (January 18, 2025) / Reported by various outlets including Confidencial & 100% Noticias: "El Estado de Nicaragua vigilará las transacciones virtuales de los nicaragüenses a partir de los 1.000 dólares, con el fin de evitar el lavado de dinero, según una resolución de la Unidad de Análisis Financiero (UAF) publicada este viernes en el Diario Oficial La Gaceta." (Translation: "The State of Nicaragua will monitor the virtual transactions of Nicaraguans starting from $1,000, in order to prevent money laundering, according to a resolution of the Financial Analysis Unit (UAF) published this Friday in the Official Gazette La Gaceta.")
- EFE (January 18, 2025) / Reported by various outlets: "La normativa busca controlar todas las transacciones de activos que se realicen de manera virtual, y que incluyen no solo a los contratos inteligentes (Smart Contrat), las criptomonedas, transferencias de activos, sino también cualquier transacción que se realicen con los monederos virtuales o 'wallets', monederos oscuros, y los monederos sin custodias, de acuerdo con la resolución." (Translation: "The regulation seeks to control all asset transactions carried out virtually, and which include not only smart contracts, cryptocurrencies, asset transfers, but also any transaction carried out with virtual wallets or 'wallets', dark wallets, and non-custodial wallets, according to the resolution.")
- UPay Blog (December 7, 2024): "In May 2021, Nicaragua introduced new regulations through Law No. 1072. This law brought cryptocurrency and digital assets under government oversight... The law also defines who “virtual asset service providers” are – these are people or companies that help others buy, sell, or store cryptocurrencies."
- UPay Blog (December 7, 2024): "Cryptocurrencies in Nicaragua are treated like investments, similar to stocks or bonds. This means they are not considered legal currency or money. When you buy or sell cryptocurrencies, any gains you make are subject to a capital gains tax of 15%."
- Heavnn University (April 2, 2024): "For tax purposes, cryptocurrencies are generally classified as intangible assets, similar to stocks or bonds. This means that they are not considered legal tender or currency in Nicaragua. Gains from the sale or exchange of cryptocurrencies are subject to capital gains tax. The taxable gain is calculated as the difference between the selling price and the acquisition cost of the cryptocurrency. The capital gains tax rate is 15%."
- Asamblea Nacional de Nicaragua (May 12, 2021): "Con esta reformas y adiciones se “adecúa el marco jurídico que regula a las entidades bancarias del Sistema Financiero Nacional, dotándoles de seguridad jurídica necesaria para el ejercicio de su actividad económica en la prestación de nuevos productos derivados del desarrollo de la tecnología o tecnologías en desarrollo”, tal como lo establece las recomendaciones del Grupo de Acción Financiera Internacional (GAFI)." (Translation: "With these reforms and additions, "the legal framework that regulates banking entities of the National Financial System is adapted, providing them with the necessary legal security for the exercise of their economic activity in the provision of new products derived from technological development or developing technologies," as established by the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).")
Direct, Accessible URL Links to Sources:
- https://plataconplatica.com/blog/es-legal-aceptar-pagos-en-bitcoin-en-nicaragua/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legality_of_cryptocurrency_by_country_or_territory (Note: While Wikipedia is a tertiary source, this specific entry reflects the historical lack of regulation prior to recent changes.)
- https://manimama.com/en/blog/vasp-regulation-in-nicaragua/
- https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/nicaragua-crisis_nicaragua-vigilar%C3%A1-transacciones-virtuales-de-los-nicarag%C3%BCenses-a-partir-de-1.000-d%C3%B3lares/49136774 (Reporting on UAF resolution)
- https://upay.com/blog/crypto-adoption-around-the-world-nicaragua/
- https://heavnn.com/blog/cryptocurrency-taxes-in-nicaragua
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Lz1n4nJq0c (News report on UAF resolution)
- https://www.criptonoticias.com/comunidad/latinoamerica/gobierno-nicaragua-vigilando-transacciones-criptomonedas/
- https://www.bcn.gob.ni/sites/default/files/normativas/Resoluci%C3%B3n_CD-BCN-XXV-1-22_Consolidada_al_03_agosto_2023.pdf (Central Bank Resolution CD-BCN-XXV-1-22)
- https://www.consortiumlegal.com/es/noticias-y-actualidades/actualidades/nueva-regulacion-para-empresas-proveedores-de-tecnologia-financiera-en-nicaragua/
- https://www.asamblea.gob.ni/aprueban-reformas-a-ley-contra-lavado-de-activos-para-proteger-la-economia-nacional/
- https://uaf.gob.ni/de-interes-activos-virtuales/ (UAF information on virtual assets)
- https://www.brokerchooser.com/find-my-broker/crypto/best-crypto-brokers-in-nicaragua
- https://invezz.com/exchange/buy-bitcoin/nicaragua/
- https://www.bitget.com/es/buy-bitcoin/nicaragua
- https://uaf.gob.ni/de-interes-impresionantes-hallazgos-sobre-transacciones-ilicitas-con-criptomonedas/
- https://uaf.gob.ni/de-interes-moneda-digital-del-banco-central-control-o-vigilancia/
## Report on Retail_Trading_Status in Nicaragua **Date:** 2025-06-26 **Topic:** Retail_Trading_Status **Description:** Assess whether individual citizens and residents in the country are legally permitted to buy, sell, and hold cryptocurrencies. Detail the regulatory environment surrounding this activity (e.g., KYC/AML requirements imposed on platforms, general warnings issued). --- ### Retail_Trading_Status **Status Value:** Allowed-Regulated **Narrative Explanation:** Retail cryptocurrency trading by individual citizens and residents in Nicaragua is legally permitted but has become subject to a developing regulatory framework focused primarily on preventing money laundering and illicit financing. While there isn't an outright ban on owning or trading cryptocurrencies, the Nicaraguan government has taken steps to bring virtual asset service providers (VASPs) and transactions involving virtual assets under regulatory oversight. Historically, Nicaragua had no specific regulations targeting cryptocurrencies. However, this changed significantly with the introduction of Law No. 1072 in May 2021, which amended existing anti-money laundering (AML) laws to include virtual assets. This law defined "virtual assets" as a digital representation of value that can be digitally traded or transferred and used for payment or investment purposes, explicitly excluding digital representations of fiat currency, securities, and other financial assets. It also defined VASPs as entities conducting activities such as exchange between virtual assets and fiat currencies, exchange between different virtual assets, transfer of virtual assets, custody or administration of virtual assets, and participation in financial services related to an issuer's offer or sale of a virtual asset. Following Law No. 1072, the Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN) issued Resolution No. CD-BCN-XXV-1-22 in April 2022 (with subsequent amendments). This resolution establishes the requirements for VASPs to obtain an operating license from the BCN. It mandates that entities wishing to provide virtual asset services must incorporate as a legal entity in Nicaragua for this purpose. The BCN is the authority responsible for the prudential regulation of VASPs, including licensing, registration, supervision, and sanctioning. Furthermore, the Financial Analysis Unit (UAF) of Nicaragua plays a significant role in overseeing virtual asset transactions to prevent illicit activities. In January 2025, the UAF published a resolution requiring the monitoring and reporting of "unusual" or "suspicious" virtual transactions starting from US$1,000 to the BCN. This includes transactions involving cryptocurrencies, smart contracts, and virtual wallets. VASPs are obligated to monitor IP addresses used for transfers and identify both the sender and beneficiary of transactions. These measures are framed within the context of Nicaragua's laws against money laundering and terrorist financing, aligning with international standards such as those from the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). While individuals are permitted to engage with cryptocurrencies, they do so within this increasingly regulated environment. For tax purposes, cryptocurrencies are generally treated as intangible assets, similar to stocks or bonds, and are not considered legal tender. Gains from the sale or exchange of cryptocurrencies are subject to a capital gains tax (reportedly 15%), and income from activities like mining is subject to income tax. It's important to note that while the legal framework allows for VASPs to operate under license, the actual number of licensed providers and the ease of access for retail traders through local, regulated platforms is an evolving situation. Some international crypto exchanges and brokers may offer services to Nicaraguan residents, though their compliance with local licensing requirements may vary. The government's approach is described as cautious, aiming to mitigate risks associated with cryptocurrencies. The UAF also publishes information and warnings regarding the illicit uses of cryptocurrencies. **Specific, Relevant Text Excerpts:** * **Plata con Plática (January 26, 2024):** "Y para ponerle la cereza al pastel, la Ley General de bancos (Ley 561) establece en su artículo 53 inciso 13 (adicionado por la Ley 1072) que los bancos pueden proveer servicios de activos virtuales. Y aunque de momento ningún banco ha querido entrarle al tema de los activos virtuales, el concepto es totalmente legal bajo el ordenamiento jurídico nicaragüense." (Translation: "And to put the cherry on top, the General Law of Banks (Law 561) establishes in its article 53 subsection 13 (added by Law 1072) that banks can provide virtual asset services. And although at the moment no bank has wanted to enter the subject of virtual assets, the concept is totally legal under the Nicaraguan legal system.") * **Plata con Plática (January 26, 2024):** "La ley 1072 incorporó, por primera vez en mayo de 2021, la definición de Activos virtuales a la legislación nicaragüense, definiéndolos como: representación digital de valor que se puede comercializar o transferir digitalmente y se puede utilizar para pagos e inversiones. Los activos virtuales no incluyen representaciones digitales de moneda fiat, valores y otros activos financieros." (Translation: "Law 1072 incorporated, for the first time in May 2021, the definition of Virtual Assets into Nicaraguan legislation, defining them as: a digital representation of value that can be digitally traded or transferred and can be used for payments and investments. Virtual assets do not include digital representations of fiat currency, securities, and other financial assets.") * **Manimama Law Firm (November 19, 2024):** "The law regulating the activities of VASPs. The law No. 1072 · Resolution of the Central Bank of Nicaragua No. CD-BCN-XXV-1-22. VASP regulator. The Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN). The Financial Analysis Unit (UAF)." * **Manimama Law Firm (November 19, 2024):** "According to Article 6 of Resolution No. CD-BCN-XXV-1-22: In order to VA services, interested parties must submit an application for an operating license to the BCN." * **EFE (January 18, 2025) / Reported by various outlets including Confidencial & 100% Noticias:** "El Estado de Nicaragua vigilará las transacciones virtuales de los nicaragüenses a partir de los 1.000 dólares, con el fin de evitar el lavado de dinero, según una resolución de la Unidad de Análisis Financiero (UAF) publicada este viernes en el Diario Oficial La Gaceta." (Translation: "The State of Nicaragua will monitor the virtual transactions of Nicaraguans starting from $1,000, in order to prevent money laundering, according to a resolution of the Financial Analysis Unit (UAF) published this Friday in the Official Gazette La Gaceta.") * **EFE (January 18, 2025) / Reported by various outlets:** "La normativa busca controlar todas las transacciones de activos que se realicen de manera virtual, y que incluyen no solo a los contratos inteligentes (Smart Contrat), las criptomonedas, transferencias de activos, sino también cualquier transacción que se realicen con los monederos virtuales o 'wallets', monederos oscuros, y los monederos sin custodias, de acuerdo con la resolución." (Translation: "The regulation seeks to control all asset transactions carried out virtually, and which include not only smart contracts, cryptocurrencies, asset transfers, but also any transaction carried out with virtual wallets or 'wallets', dark wallets, and non-custodial wallets, according to the resolution.") * **UPay Blog (December 7, 2024):** "In May 2021, Nicaragua introduced new regulations through Law No. 1072. This law brought cryptocurrency and digital assets under government oversight... The law also defines who “virtual asset service providers” are – these are people or companies that help others buy, sell, or store cryptocurrencies." * **UPay Blog (December 7, 2024):** "Cryptocurrencies in Nicaragua are treated like investments, similar to stocks or bonds. This means they are not considered legal currency or money. When you buy or sell cryptocurrencies, any gains you make are subject to a capital gains tax of 15%." * **Heavnn University (April 2, 2024):** "For tax purposes, cryptocurrencies are generally classified as intangible assets, similar to stocks or bonds. This means that they are not considered legal tender or currency in Nicaragua. Gains from the sale or exchange of cryptocurrencies are subject to capital gains tax. The taxable gain is calculated as the difference between the selling price and the acquisition cost of the cryptocurrency. The capital gains tax rate is 15%." * **Asamblea Nacional de Nicaragua (May 12, 2021):** "Con esta reformas y adiciones se “adecúa el marco jurídico que regula a las entidades bancarias del Sistema Financiero Nacional, dotándoles de seguridad jurídica necesaria para el ejercicio de su actividad económica en la prestación de nuevos productos derivados del desarrollo de la tecnología o tecnologías en desarrollo”, tal como lo establece las recomendaciones del Grupo de Acción Financiera Internacional (GAFI)." (Translation: "With these reforms and additions, "the legal framework that regulates banking entities of the National Financial System is adapted, providing them with the necessary legal security for the exercise of their economic activity in the provision of new products derived from technological development or developing technologies," as established by the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).") **Direct, Accessible URL Links to Sources:** * [https://plataconplatica.com/blog/es-legal-aceptar-pagos-en-bitcoin-en-nicaragua/](https://plataconplatica.com/blog/es-legal-aceptar-pagos-en-bitcoin-en-nicaragua/) * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legality_of_cryptocurrency_by_country_or_territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legality_of_cryptocurrency_by_country_or_territory) (Note: While Wikipedia is a tertiary source, this specific entry reflects the historical lack of regulation prior to recent changes.) * [https://manimama.com/en/blog/vasp-regulation-in-nicaragua/](https://manimama.com/en/blog/vasp-regulation-in-nicaragua/) * [https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/nicaragua-crisis_nicaragua-vigilar%C3%A1-transacciones-virtuales-de-los-nicarag%C3%BCenses-a-partir-de-1.000-d%C3%B3lares/49136774](https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/nicaragua-crisis_nicaragua-vigilar%C3%A1-transacciones-virtuales-de-los-nicarag%C3%BCenses-a-partir-de-1.000-d%C3%B3lares/49136774) (Reporting on UAF resolution) * [https://upay.com/blog/crypto-adoption-around-the-world-nicaragua/](https://upay.com/blog/crypto-adoption-around-the-world-nicaragua/) * [https://heavnn.com/blog/cryptocurrency-taxes-in-nicaragua](https://heavnn.com/blog/cryptocurrency-taxes-in-nicaragua) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Lz1n4nJq0c](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Lz1n4nJq0c) (News report on UAF resolution) * [https://www.criptonoticias.com/comunidad/latinoamerica/gobierno-nicaragua-vigilando-transacciones-criptomonedas/](https://www.criptonoticias.com/comunidad/latinoamerica/gobierno-nicaragua-vigilando-transacciones-criptomonedas/) * [https://www.bcn.gob.ni/sites/default/files/normativas/Resoluci%C3%B3n_CD-BCN-XXV-1-22_Consolidada_al_03_agosto_2023.pdf](https://www.bcn.gob.ni/sites/default/files/normativas/Resoluci%C3%B3n_CD-BCN-XXV-1-22_Consolidada_al_03_agosto_2023.pdf) (Central Bank Resolution CD-BCN-XXV-1-22) * [https://www.consortiumlegal.com/es/noticias-y-actualidades/actualidades/nueva-regulacion-para-empresas-proveedores-de-tecnologia-financiera-en-nicaragua/](https://www.consortiumlegal.com/es/noticias-y-actualidades/actualidades/nueva-regulacion-para-empresas-proveedores-de-tecnologia-financiera-en-nicaragua/) * [https://www.asamblea.gob.ni/aprueban-reformas-a-ley-contra-lavado-de-activos-para-proteger-la-economia-nacional/](https://www.asamblea.gob.ni/aprueban-reformas-a-ley-contra-lavado-de-activos-para-proteger-la-economia-nacional/) * [https://uaf.gob.ni/de-interes-activos-virtuales/](https://uaf.gob.ni/de-interes-activos-virtuales/) (UAF information on virtual assets) * [https://www.brokerchooser.com/find-my-broker/crypto/best-crypto-brokers-in-nicaragua](https://www.brokerchooser.com/find-my-broker/crypto/best-crypto-brokers-in-nicaragua) * [https://invezz.com/exchange/buy-bitcoin/nicaragua/](https://invezz.com/exchange/buy-bitcoin/nicaragua/) * [https://www.bitget.com/es/buy-bitcoin/nicaragua](https://www.bitget.com/es/buy-bitcoin/nicaragua) * [https://uaf.gob.ni/de-interes-impresionantes-hallazgos-sobre-transacciones-ilicitas-con-criptomonedas/](https://uaf.gob.ni/de-interes-impresionantes-hallazgos-sobre-transacciones-ilicitas-con-criptomonedas/) * [https://uaf.gob.ni/de-interes-moneda-digital-del-banco-central-control-o-vigilancia/](https://uaf.gob.ni/de-interes-moneda-digital-del-banco-central-control-o-vigilancia/)
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- Nicaragua cryptocurrency regulation
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- leyes criptomonedas Nicaragua
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- advertencias Banco Central Nicaragua criptomonedas
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