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Antigua and Barbuda

Retail_Trading_Status

Allowed-Regulated Unknown
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Analysis ID
#282
Version
Archived
Created
2025-06-26 09:12
Workflow Stage
Initial Research

Executive Summary

Retail cryptocurrency trading is legally permitted in Antigua and Barbuda and is subject to a developing regulatory framework. The Digital Assets Business Act (DABA) of 2020, effective June 18, 2020, provides a legal foundation for digital asset businesses, which must obtain a license from the Financial Services Regulatory Commission (FSRC). Licensed platforms are required to implement KYC procedures and monitor transactions, emphasizing AML/CFT compliance. The ECCB has issued warnings regarding the risks associated with cryptocurrencies.

Key Pillars

The primary regulator is the Financial Services Regulatory Commission (FSRC), which handles licensing and monitoring of digital asset businesses. Core compliance requirements include Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures, Anti-Money Laundering (AML) measures, and Counter-Terrorism Financing (CFT) standards, enforced in conjunction with the Office of National Drug and Money Laundering Control Policy (ONDCP). Entities conducting digital asset business in or from within Antigua and Barbuda must obtain a license from the FSRC.

Landmark Laws

Digital Assets Business Act (DABA), 2020: Effective June 18, 2020, this act provides a comprehensive legal foundation for businesses involved in digital asset activities, mandating licensing from the FSRC.
Money Laundering (Prevention) (Amendment) Act of 2021: Reinforces AML measures specific to digital asset businesses.
Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism Guidelines for Financial Institutions (May 2024): Includes prescribed timeframes for updating customer due diligence information based on risk.

Considerations

Cryptocurrencies are not legal tender; only the Eastern Caribbean Dollar (and its digital form, DCash) is legal tender in the ECCU. The ECCB, ECSRC, and FSRC have issued warnings about the risks associated with cryptocurrencies. Antigua and Barbuda currently imposes no personal income tax, capital gains tax, or inheritance tax on individuals, potentially offering favorable tax treatment for crypto investors. Cryptocurrency can be considered as a legitimate source of funds for the Citizenship by Investment (CBI) program, but direct payment with cryptocurrency is not permitted; funds must be converted to fiat currency.

Notes

The ECCB is involved in the DCash initiative, a central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilot. The FSRC has issued advisories reminding the public that unlicensed digital asset activity is an offense. In April 2021, the ECCB noted the establishment of Bitcoin ATMs in Antigua and Barbuda, stating that these services were not currently regulated by them. Regulations to comprehensively regulate Bitcoin and other virtual assets were still being prepared as of April 2021. The FSRC of Antigua and Barbuda would be the primary source for the latest official regulations and guidelines.

Detailed Explanation

Retail cryptocurrency trading is legally permitted in Antigua and Barbuda, operating within a developing regulatory framework. The country is described as taking a proactive and "forward-thinking" approach to digital assets, aiming to foster innovation while ensuring appropriate safeguards. This positions Antigua and Barbuda as an emerging blockchain hub in the Caribbean. The primary legislation is the Digital Assets Business Act (DABA), 2020, which came into effect on June 18, 2020. The DABA provides a legal foundation for businesses involved in various digital asset activities, including operating exchanges, issuing tokens, providing custodial wallet services, and facilitating digital asset payments. Any entity conducting "digital asset business" in or from within Antigua and Barbuda must obtain a license from the Financial Services Regulatory Commission (FSRC). The FSRC serves as the main supervisory and regulatory authority, handling licensing and ongoing monitoring.

While the DABA primarily focuses on regulating businesses, its provisions indirectly affect retail traders by requiring licensed platforms to implement Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures, monitor transactions for suspicious activity, and maintain proper record-keeping. These measures are designed to prevent fraud, money laundering, and other financial crimes. The Office of National Drug and Money Laundering Control Policy (ONDCP) works with the FSRC to enforce anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing (AML/CFT) standards. The Money Laundering (Prevention) (Amendment) Act of 2021 further reinforces AML measures specific to digital asset businesses. In May 2024, Antigua and Barbuda updated its Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism Guidelines for Financial Institutions, including prescribed timeframes for updating customer due diligence information based on risk.

Individual citizens and residents are permitted to buy, sell, and hold cryptocurrencies, and international cryptocurrency exchanges are generally accessible, subject to the exchanges' own KYC/AML procedures. Platforms like Coinbase and Bybit allow users from Antigua and Barbuda, requiring them to complete KYC verification. However, these platforms may not be directly licensed or regulated by the FSRC if they do not have a physical presence or specific operations targeting Antigua and Barbuda that fall under the DABA's licensing requirements. The FSRC has issued advisories reminding the public that unlicensed digital asset activity is an offense.

The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCB), of which Antigua and Barbuda is a member, has issued general warnings about the risks associated with cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin Cash, emphasizing that only the Eastern Caribbean Dollar (and its digital form, DCash) is legal tender in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU). In a joint advisory with the ECSRC and the FSRC of Antigua and Barbuda in April 2021, the ECCB noted the establishment of Bitcoin ATMs in Antigua and Barbuda and stated that these services were not currently regulated by them. The advisory also mentioned that while the DABA was in place, the regulations to comprehensively regulate Bitcoin and other virtual assets were still being prepared, and urged the public to proceed with caution.

Antigua and Barbuda has also shown interest in blockchain technology through its participation in the ECCB's DCash initiative, a central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilot. Furthermore, the country's Citizenship by Investment (CBI) program allows for cryptocurrency to be considered as a legitimate source of funds, although direct payment with cryptocurrency for the investment is not permitted; funds must first be converted to fiat currency. This further indicates the jurisdiction's engagement with the digital asset space. The tax environment in Antigua and Barbuda is also noteworthy for crypto investors, as the country currently imposes no personal income tax, capital gains tax, or inheritance tax on individuals, which can be favorable for those trading or holding digital assets. In summary, retail cryptocurrency trading is allowed in Antigua and Barbuda. While individuals are free to participate, the businesses that facilitate these activities are subject to a licensing and regulatory regime under the DABA, with a strong emphasis on AML/CFT and KYC compliance.

Summary Points

Retail Cryptocurrency Trading Status: Antigua and Barbuda (as of 2025-06-26)

Overall Status: Allowed-Regulated

I. Regulatory Bodies and Roles

  • Financial Services Regulatory Commission (FSRC):
    • Primary supervisory and regulatory authority for digital asset businesses.
    • Responsible for licensing and ongoing monitoring of digital asset businesses.
  • Office of National Drug and Money Laundering Control Policy (ONDCP):
    • Enforces anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorism financing (CFT) standards.
    • Works in conjunction with the FSRC.
  • Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCB):
    • Issues general warnings about the risks associated with cryptocurrencies.
    • Emphasizes that only the Eastern Caribbean Dollar (and DCash) is legal tender.
    • Jointly issued advisories with ECSRC and FSRC regarding Bitcoin ATMs and virtual assets.

II. Key Legislation and Regulations

  • Digital Assets Business Act (DABA), 2020:
    • Came into effect on June 18, 2020.
    • Provides a comprehensive legal foundation for digital asset businesses.
    • Requires licensing for entities conducting "digital asset business" in or from within Antigua and Barbuda.
    • Defines "digital asset business" to include:
      • Issuing, selling, or redeeming digital coins, tokens, or any other form of digital asset.
      • Operating as a payment service provider business utilizing digital assets.
      • Operating as an exchange.
      • Providing custodial wallet services.
  • Money Laundering (Prevention) (Amendment) Act of 2021:
    • Reinforces AML measures specific to digital asset businesses.
  • Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism Guidelines for Financial Institutions (Updated May 2024):
    • Includes prescribed timeframes for updating customer due diligence information based on risk.

III. Requirements for Compliance

  • Licensing: Any entity conducting "digital asset business" in or from within Antigua and Barbuda must obtain a license from the FSRC.
  • KYC/AML: Licensed platforms must implement robust Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures.
  • Transaction Monitoring: Licensed platforms must monitor transactions for suspicious activity.
  • Record-Keeping: Licensed platforms must maintain proper record-keeping.
  • Customer Due Diligence: Financial institutions, including those dealing with digital assets, must update customer due diligence information based on risk, according to prescribed timeframes.

IV. Notable Restrictions or Limitations

  • Unlicensed Activity: The FSRC has issued advisories reminding the public that unlicensed digital asset activity is an offense.
  • Legal Tender: Only the Eastern Caribbean Dollar (and its digital form, DCash) is legal tender.
  • Bitcoin ATMs: Bitcoin ATM services were not regulated as of April 2021.
  • Direct Crypto Payments for CBI: Direct payment with cryptocurrency for the Citizenship by Investment (CBI) program is not permitted; funds must first be converted to fiat currency.

V. Recent Developments or Changes

  • DABA Implementation: The regulatory framework is still considered to be maturing, with ongoing efforts to fully implement and refine operational regulations.
  • AML/CFT Updates: Antigua and Barbuda updated its Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism Guidelines for Financial Institutions in May 2024, including prescribed timeframes for updating customer due diligence information based on risk.
  • CBDC Participation: Antigua and Barbuda participates in the ECCB's DCash initiative, a central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilot.
  • CBI Program: Cryptocurrency can be considered as a legitimate source of funds for the CBI program (funds must be converted to fiat).

VI. Tax Implications

  • No personal income tax, capital gains tax, or inheritance tax on individuals, which can be favorable for those trading or holding digital assets.

VII. Accessibility of International Exchanges

  • International cryptocurrency exchanges are generally accessible to Antiguan and Barbudan residents, subject to the exchanges' own KYC/AML procedures.
  • Examples: Coinbase, Bybit, KuCoin, and Crypto.com allow users from Antigua and Barbuda, requiring KYC verification.
  • Note: These platforms may not be directly licensed or regulated by the FSRC if they do not have a physical presence or specific operations targeting Antigua and Barbuda that fall under the DABA's licensing requirements.

VIII. Important Note:

  • The Financial Services Regulatory Commission (FSRC) of Antigua and Barbuda would be the primary source for the latest official regulations and guidelines. Their official website should be consulted for the most current information.

Full Analysis Report

Retail_Trading_Status: Antigua and Barbuda

Report Date: 2025-06-26

Topic: Retail_Trading_Status
Description: Assess whether individual citizens and residents in the country are legally permitted to buy, sell, and hold cryptocurrencies. Detail the regulatory environment surrounding this activity (e.g., KYC/AML requirements imposed on platforms, general warnings issued).

1. Current Status

Allowed-Regulated

2. Detailed Narrative Explanation

Retail cryptocurrency trading is legally permitted in Antigua and Barbuda and is subject to a developing regulatory framework. The country has taken a proactive and "forward-thinking" approach to digital assets, aiming to foster innovation while ensuring appropriate safeguards are in place. This has positioned Antigua and Barbuda as an emerging blockchain hub in the Caribbean.

The primary legislation governing cryptocurrency activities is the Digital Assets Business Act (DABA), 2020, which came into effect on June 18, 2020. This Act provides a comprehensive legal foundation for businesses involved in a wide range of digital asset activities, including operating exchanges, issuing tokens, providing custodial wallet services, and facilitating digital asset payments. The DABA mandates that any entity conducting "digital asset business" in or from within Antigua and Barbuda must obtain a license from the Financial Services Regulatory Commission (FSRC). The FSRC is the main supervisory and regulatory authority for digital asset businesses, handling licensing and ongoing monitoring.

While the DABA primarily focuses on regulating businesses, its provisions indirectly impact retail traders by requiring licensed platforms to implement robust Know Your Customer (KYC) procedures, monitor transactions for suspicious activity, and maintain proper record-keeping. These measures are designed to prevent fraud, money laundering, and other financial crimes. The Office of National Drug and Money Laundering Control Policy (ONDCP) works in conjunction with the FSRC to enforce anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing (AML/CFT) standards. The Money Laundering (Prevention) (Amendment) Act of 2021 further reinforces AML measures specific to digital asset businesses. In May 2024, Antigua and Barbuda updated its Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism Guidelines for Financial Institutions, including prescribed timeframes for updating customer due diligence information based on risk.

Individual citizens and residents are permitted to buy, sell, and hold cryptocurrencies. International cryptocurrency exchanges are generally accessible to Antiguan and Barbudan residents, subject to the exchanges' own KYC/AML procedures. For instance, platforms like Coinbase and Bybit allow users from Antigua and Barbuda, requiring them to complete KYC verification. However, it's important to note that while these platforms may be accessible, they might not be directly licensed or regulated by the FSRC if they do not have a physical presence or specific operations targeting Antigua and Barbuda that fall under the DABA's licensing requirements. The FSRC has issued advisories reminding the public that unlicensed digital asset activity is an offense.

The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCB), of which Antigua and Barbuda is a member, has issued general warnings about the risks associated with cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin Cash, emphasizing that only the Eastern Caribbean Dollar (and its digital form, DCash) is legal tender in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU). In a joint advisory with the ECSRC and the FSRC of Antigua and Barbuda in April 2021, the ECCB noted the establishment of Bitcoin ATMs in Antigua and Barbuda and stated that these services were not currently regulated by them. The advisory also mentioned that while the DABA was in place, the regulations to comprehensively regulate Bitcoin and other virtual assets were still being prepared, and urged the public to proceed with caution.

Antigua and Barbuda has also shown interest in blockchain technology through its participation in the ECCB's DCash initiative, a central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilot. Furthermore, the country's Citizenship by Investment (CBI) program allows for cryptocurrency to be considered as a legitimate source of funds, although direct payment with cryptocurrency for the investment is not permitted; funds must first be converted to fiat currency. This further indicates the jurisdiction's engagement with the digital asset space.

The tax environment in Antigua and Barbuda is also noteworthy for crypto investors, as the country currently imposes no personal income tax, capital gains tax, or inheritance tax on individuals, which can be favorable for those trading or holding digital assets.

In summary, retail cryptocurrency trading is allowed in Antigua and Barbuda. While individuals are free to participate, the businesses that facilitate these activities (particularly those operating within or from the jurisdiction) are subject to a licensing and regulatory regime under the DABA, with a strong emphasis on AML/CFT and KYC compliance. The regulatory framework is still considered to be maturing, with ongoing efforts to fully implement and refine operational regulations.

3. Relevant Text Excerpts

  • CitizenX (April 16, 2025) on DABA and FSRC's role: "The cornerstone of Antigua's crypto regulation is the Digital Assets Business Act (DABA), enacted in June 2020. This comprehensive legislation governs all cryptocurrency business activities conducted in or from within Antigua and Barbuda...DABA establishes a licensing regime requiring businesses engaging in any of these activities to obtain authorization from Antiguan regulators." "The Financial Services Regulatory Commission (FSRC) serves as the primary supervisor for digital asset businesses, handling licensing applications and ongoing monitoring."
  • CitizenX (April 16, 2025) on protections for users: "For users, Antigua's regulatory framework offers important protections. Licensed platforms must implement robust KYC procedures, monitor transactions for suspicious activity, and maintain proper record-keeping."
  • Charltons Quantum (undated, referencing DABA 2020 & Regulations 2021) on scope of regulation: "According to the Antigua and Barbuda's DABA, the laws and regulations apply to any person or entity that carries on a digital asset business in or from within Antigua and Barbuda..." "Digital asset business (DABs) as a business that provides any of the listed digital asset services as follows: i. Issuing, selling, or redeeming digital coins, tokens, or any other form of digital asset; ii. operating as a payment service provider business utilizing digital assets... iii. operating as an exchange; iv. providing custodial wallet services..."
  • Freeman Law (referencing Digital Assets Business Bill of 2020, law as of June 18, 2020): "Subject to limited exceptions, the Act prohibits a person from carrying on digital asset business in or from within Antigua and Barbuda unless that person is a licensed undertaking in one of several specified classes."
  • CitizenX (April 16, 2025) on accessibility of international exchanges: "This clear availability reflects Antigua's progressive stance toward cryptocurrency – the government has legalized crypto activities and developed a regulatory framework that enables international exchange access while maintaining appropriate oversight."
  • ECCB, ECSRC, and FSRC of Antigua and Barbuda Joint Advisory (April 29, 2021): "...the infrastructure especially the regulations are not yet in place to comprehensively regulate the activities of Bitcoin and other virtual assets and entities. These regulations are currently being prepared. Until the appropriate legislative arrangements are completed and in place, it is recommended that members of the public proceed with caution when engaging with Bitcoin and other virtual assets and entities."
  • CitizenX (April 16, 2025) on ONDCP's role: "Meanwhile, the Office of National Drug and Money Laundering Control Policy (ONDCP) enforces anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing standards."
  • Harvey Law Group (January 6, 2025, updated March 16, 2025) on progressive framework: "Antigua and Barbuda offer significant opportunities for cryptocurrency investors due to its progressive regulatory framework and government support for blockchain and digital asset adoption. The nation has positioned itself as a crypto-friendly jurisdiction, with laws that encourage innovation in the blockchain sector..."

4. Direct URL Links

  1. CitizenX (Guide to Coinbase KYC for Antigua and Barbuda Citizens in 2025): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGZsGnw_qtz2s0Exw1vXT9-gzcvQi7zkux73tfp0j0O6PA7zFbZKIoSrw_4fLamasuU-J7ffw41mhXhWpAyg7a_JX8Q_fhubaClRZToq4nLZeNr7kUOuoOPp3UyOY8X9kTjsgPGL-WVnUHji9m08Kb57S0O6FGR
  2. Charltons Quantum (An overview of the regulation of digital assets in Antigua & Barbuda): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHT6uowxJnV336iXgj45pqpENq-NTkgnHPoWcJB402yLGySSsw6-xvK8axISVo7NLZa0gO2U4OpMKkWoAeS0mOvsHHuYTncU53vNiGImHYYBOJOe0XaJUvR9V0y53sh3x9sdAQ7cXDCPhFur8oX4MvmNTStBCfUE--oqa_G8Lpa8iDHL1yLX385kpZzGFkFqHA=
  3. Charltons Quantum (Antigua & Barbuda Digital Assets Regulation): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEKKF31n3GAdiJpDhm1c1cRJO9hX3xQD8ljqOWpXYxexEKwgViayJBUzcjIOQ-GhBTC554flPZHHBRvhGIOpE8KLKc7aCw84Bs6pZq0BGwnT9Z3pvtmh65HqTwj2aAvjQGrW8fK9eSwxN34mOGqa2rtCxlmwoeu5UXcRH20HB6yNG8i
  4. JH Marlin (Antigua and Barbuda Cryptocurrency Laws: Crypto Citizenship Explained): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEg-AIDULeB8FdmBhyg93oCPkk_OvG1IN2btJblzwK_w6-2L5VTuOS2VJXVO_KFOJq_9escS_XhNNJwwTbeXIlhJLm62QWv1F7CSFwPckxkxHlS_TNRW5UGOi1KVrO0v0bap54jvdgpby_ztsCsIN1s1OP3cqtiiCHyYpfKA6qKwtVXszygGI9CMj0JTALMEUXbtpajQQ==
  5. CitizenX (Guide to KYC on Bybit with an Antigua and Barbuda Passport in 2025): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGZYLocu4l-J84ekdaNZXnzImeQJhhoEqiMlcZzQR6_9Z1yAvBiXAWmN5wOPnAujaqr_AbBClRlyivWjqcMHMZHVIOiLwwHBSP56dRNIZ21DcpRhYE00Nzkew111g7NS-ZLlPR_D0K0LUBDeQv-RmWS8jlnqMaGM_Sgzq1L
  6. Antigua & Barbuda Digital Assets Business Act (Summary Page): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFVBWRzp5NyxGnLyKjwtt7XMCUz6LL4wcH2foFO4hMovVC-a8YqMiMYg6-ZIq2IMUbbZvJGCkn7bys7z2uVIqI8k76TyUJU6pbiQjt3IoJ8lN_MvNRTSvsbrIa3lTUNINFBp8ycD1z8f8gbjFm7xW18lcYyHCc9w0xQgP71XZ-yn7w_zEHnGr2PB3KQKw== (Note: This appears to be a promotional page from a service provider but references the Act)
  7. Freeman Law (Antigua and Barbuda Cryptocurrency Laws): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGE0KHGh9J7phbsaoC7gfVrphUL_8CU7SI5WwVk897-gK8AS0uYljBt7-PmuMFPfX13yTchkljVpCj8HCeD2WAs3i1MYlMhF8iQ8MlkBN5Yy02n6QAV95Z7kT32tDKjjDOiryQ2CAM_4enDk1oFyxMHscvmxTc=
  8. CitizenX (Guide to KYC on KuCoin for Antigua and Barbuda Citizens and CBI Holders): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGKo0JFbbHDYMFfURRXfabSd_8AaH-Tr8wsoW36rj37cgErqonRfhJovMN1O0uqRVwZsUPrjzqUwPoTFyOOA3PyzquG6eVOfrU7sW4m9tw-wINsT0nNW5SL__J85-azApN8YXXpSLxKJZZ0AAqDOwZjPgK2zQ==
  9. Global Legal Insights (Caribbean Crypto Citizenship: Antigua Ushers a New Era of CBI and Cryptocurrency): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQGOlvtUQiJL5yyOs8QwFvMtnMX0-3hxWBJF-tReTJxHIV-STq-t5pPmeT7EZrWTq8-c13t4XmMuv1IE0ga1DXUWY2yYr7zKWglJQryGUOFgLQ6Kb2Bf5mKccMw1WcbptSKTf7WRm40tak36OU5VRPg9TUdRgIu5KBgkTIb_-n6V
  10. CitizenX (Guide to KYC on Crypto.com with an Antigua and Barbuda Passport in 2025): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQE3QQw4M4def9gY4_mas59MarqKc0tfFQWV28WYwxJFpU4IUORqhfsvhp2XJ4Ob0kIOylt6XxbmkXArjWjCiQuTnLSS5eWfEadJVfVZ30TVDIkqoFq5KLaYFv9ZwJnn01Ydz9S_VtG3fLoWrSZ643_hperD-xirRIoXkcz7htpI-PU=
  11. Arton Capital (Obtaining Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship Using Cryptocurrency): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQF6UKaa29dP8epPqM9O87Ybdu7Ldg_llgG_RhcEhWsNJR9TmcxhbxpvBVMS4twv5GuPGxR964UHq4AbJd5O85RnkFzYyxpfEtdIX9xFZyDqGrgCamRlUGq-q9aO8uCN3Kn31Dl11ngEtIZNnX0lKBiQ-rbYaKrV8NNy2Pgy6zX2TGZqipqxFDhi4wUAxxF3lmhP4qK8tszrbSsq_uT9oZulCiYqBow=
  12. Harvey Law Group (Crypto Investors: Unlocking Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Investment Opportunities): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFBQnmDMJtS_kMaq5LYdtEaM-dlDHLLwftt6pPf5xsk-SHcN54rnRKrftyzYhYtavw4Q5xK7jYo2LOjB8JQn0bcFjctt4MzEaXLiqH8N3ZAkKW-AUs3I5X-y07-7BtQZCAOh9xp0RQndATYwsjNeB2ewuQadvQ=
  13. Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ADVISORY: ECCB Advises Public to be Mindful of Risks Associated with Cryptocurrencies): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQHGu6A0OokFwvzuio6ROe2SaVfFlzTgFYgb_2QVnfWtOkSWOvugq3gmfaEDpwCrBgrlYZ-jP7Tqz84g8u8QsRC9jYbUiF55wretcEueux-FePNtWtRHawSbGwiiixjVBSP4pjxh1Ycs4Ix-FX1SmjXm21zf7_q9qsJKXQkbFrdye8dC1cKxpGjexehPret5oq52ehmadQuMdBRitVlOYZ52Nfsfwm7Pa9sQocAggqIw2Cn-ZzmJ
  14. Eastern Caribbean Central Bank / Financial Services Regulatory Commission (Bitcoin ATM and Bitcoin Investments Not Authorised by Regulators in ECCU): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQEbeAODRRQXqHw5mGlO1tTsuB5a1C4f5DCCan9WpwXFmFMen5OXb0Fv-sImOL-3cMS4728TnCTEeSokoiKSuQ9IC5UsOQUlQoPfYQruDBlEhxrXL9CnYV_JDvjc4W2HSO3f0Nzf7140VSdYiOXKuVDDiaiPaTdra2SKIh-ml2c2h9Zg3B0IqgP2hppKoWrHAAgojdM7Nw==
  15. Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (AML/CFT/CPF NEWSLETTER - September 2024): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFUecXFbKcwDYsz7r0__ICJWJGumsGv8x-nkOazXEj7BlJkwEtU6VYLuMB_Q15pOILTFjO_XCZhXqxI1GMVjCcRuH8Zg_ZopnLTi1qRn9FlO7EFst9oVOfiUk4ROaqckFxQKFWy0fDbI90OyotCJ4GyuBaX7Lq2-J5WToKD-C1j7svILDNW8YvN-F_b2sBISpEBjsNeizHdNP5e2khXoICJ2OpM0PpD59JaWDhddgUKyn_B6wINv-wVp7ePXwdCPaFTZMzGlQ==
  16. Commonwealth Secretariat (Blog: Why small states are leading on central bank digital currencies - March 2021): https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQED1TOR41PwrrduzOeXA1B98wP17ug_NvnjXt9rPWxRtuvTZIAcdkhaTf0dC9Kt9SyZSDRUpvlKp2KaLjIEw7Wzmj3Mkal89LfaXfmrAsOxWMvcD11FmwNqkd8x5HvXU8KVY1s-hQ1PHOH_XsoHjmgc1xac2CO3qZ5ta_0ctRy3qFAC7A8rNPcCNzApAGO9yobPCbSqCqcvHfBdGOhb

The Financial Services Regulatory Commission (FSRC) of Antigua and Barbuda would be the primary source for the latest official regulations and guidelines. Their official website should be consulted for the most current information. (Note: A direct link to the FSRC website or the DABA 2020 legislative text from an official government domain was not immediately available in the search results, but they are the cited authorities).

Web Sources (15)

Sources discovered via web search grounding

Search queries used (6)
  • Antigua and Barbuda cryptocurrency regulation retail trading
  • Antigua and Barbuda crypto laws for individuals
  • Financial Services Regulatory Commission Antigua and Barbuda cryptocurrency
  • Eastern Caribbean Central Bank cryptocurrency policy Antigua and Barbuda
  • Antigua and Barbuda digital asset business act
  • Antigua and Barbuda crypto AML KYC requirements
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